河南省蝙蝠科3种蝙蝠的核型研究

采用取骨髓蒸汽固定法对河南省蝙蝠科3种蝙蝠的核型进行研究.结果:大棕蝠的染色体数为2n=50,N.F=48,与南蝠有较为近似的核型;普通长翼蝠的染色体数为2n=46,N.F=50;毛腿鼠耳蝠的染色体数为2n=44,N.F=52.本文研究的3种蝙蝠中,毛腿鼠耳蝠为河南省新记录,大棕蝠的核型为国内首次报道.     

Relationship between echolocation frequency and body size in two species of hipposiderid bats

Frequencies of echolocation calls with maximum power of Himalayan leaf-nosed bats and Horsfield’s leaf-nosed bats during searching phase were 74.1 and 92.1 kHz, respectively. Head-body length, forearm length and body mass of Himalayan leaf-nosed bats were 82.9 mm, 89.7 mm and 59.1 g, respectively; and the corresponding values of Horsfield’s leaf-nosed bats were 68.4 mm, 61.3 mm and 19.7 g, respectively. Echolocation frequency and the three parameters of body size, head-body length, forearm length and body mass, were all negatively correlated, and the correlation coefficients were −0.86, −1.58 and −2.19, respectively. This study thereby proved that echolocation frequency and body size were negatively correlated in the two species of hipposiderid bats.     

贵州省发现大足鼠耳蝠分布

记述了采自中国贵州安龙县的鼠耳蝠属(Myotis)的一种:大足鼠耳蝠Myotis rick-etti.为翼手目贵州省新纪录.提供了外形、头骨和牙齿的特征描述和比较,并介绍了大足鼠耳蝠的分布和生态习性.     

中国蝙蝠核型研究的现状

对中国蝙蝠核型研究的现状进行了分析和研究,在已发表的22篇研究论文中,报道了39种蝙蝠的核型,中国尚有约60％以上的蝙蝠种类未进行核型分析．针对已发表研究论文中存在部分种类鉴定有误、图表欠准确合理和研究方法待改进等问题,提出了改进研究方法等建议,对提高我国蝙蝠研究水平和核型研究论文的质量有较重要的意义。     

广东英德石门台自然保护区啮齿类及翼手类物种多样性研究

对广东省英德市石门台省级自然保护区的啮齿类及翼手类物种多样性进行了初步调查，采集动物标本111号，为18种，观察或采访记录到9种，共有动物27种，隶属2个目。其中发现广东省翼手类新记录1种－贵州菊头蝠，该种又是中国特有种，另一种为中国濒危动物红皮书列八种类－扁颅蝠。鼠类中进入“三有名录”动物有8种，占该保护区啮类种类的50％。初步调查显示，该保护区啮齿类、翼手类动物种类丰富，是食物链中的重要环节,在该保护区自然生态系统中占有极重要的地位，深入开展对它们的研究十分必要。     

黔中地区岩溶洞穴翼手类的初步调查及部分生态观察

从 1995年 5月至 1999年 12月间对黔中地区的龙天洞、唐官大坡洞、和尚洞和大洞口等 2 1个洞穴的翼手类进行了初步调查 ,共捕获标本 2 0 0余号 ,经鉴定计 16种 ,隶属 3科 7属。此外 ,还对翼手类的部分生态进行了观察 ,共观察多种翼手类 10 0 0余只。分析了光和温度对翼手类活动的影响及湿度对翼手类分布的影响 ,翼手类的水平和空间分布、昼夜活动及在洞穴生态系统中的作用。还对翼手类的保护进行了探讨     

Food habits of the threatened bat Leptonycteris nivalis (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in a mating roost in Mexico

The objective of this study was to collect and present data on the food plants that a vulnerable migratory nectarivorous bat, Leptonycteris nivalis, used during its seasonal stay at a cave in Tepoztlan, Mexico. This cave is the only mating roost known for this species. Pollen grains from faeces and fur were examined. Little is known about the diet of this bat, especially in the southern half of its distribution. Pollen belonging to 10 plant species was found from five families: Cactaceae (Stenocereus beneckei), Bombacaceae (Ceiba aesculifolia, Pseudobombax ellipticum), Convolvulaceae (Ipomoea arborescens), Fabaceae (Calliandra houstoniana, Bauhinia ungulata), and Amaryllidaceae (Agave dasylirioides, A. horrida, A. inaequidens, A. salmiana). Bats showed the highest dietary diversity in November. There were no significant differences in diet between sexes. Of the four Agave species, two have paniculate inflorescences that are commonly attributed to bat pollination, while the other two had spicate inflorescences, which are considered to be primarily insect‐pollinated.     

蛾类防御蝙蝠的机制及其对仿生学的启示

在蝙蝠回声定位的选择压力下,夜间活动的蛾类进化出一系列防御、逃避等适应性特征。在千万年的协同进化过程中,蛾类在形态结构和生理上对蝙蝠的防御无疑是能量、物质和功能的最佳结合,这给仿生学研究带来新的启示。本文综述了蛾类在形态结构和生理上对蝙蝠防御的机制,并展望了蛾类防御机制研究的前景,及其在仿生学上的应用潜能。     

Ascorbic acid content of neotropical plant parts available to wild monkeys and bats

Summary The ascorbic acid content of foliage available to wild primates and bats in Panama (in transition between wet and dry seasons) was lower than that of temperate zone foliage but higher than that of most fruits and vegetables. Intakes of ascorbic acid (mg/kg b.wt/day) by wild primates and frugivorous bats in Panama are much greater than that of most human populations.     

三种蝙蝠线粒体解偶联蛋白2（UCP2）基因的克隆和进化分析

根据几种哺乳动物UCP2基因的保守区设计一对简并引物,扩增马铁菊头蝠（Rhinolophus ferrumequinum）、长翼蝠（Miniopterus fuliginosus）和犬蝠（Cynopterus sphinx）的UCP2基因的全部编码区序列.测序结果表明,三种蝙蝠UCP2编码区全长930 bp,编码309个氨基酸,推测的氨基酸序列包含线粒体内膜载体蛋白的3个特征结构及解偶联蛋白（UCPs）的特征序列.序列分析表明,蝙蝠与其它哺乳动物UCP2的氨基酸推导序列有很高的同源性,为90.6%~97.0%.进化分析表明,UCP2基因在哺乳动物中进化过程中非常保守,受到强烈的纯化选择压力作用（ω=0.063）.Branch-specific 模型分析表明,UCP2基因在蝙蝠支系与其它不能飞行的哺乳动物、冬眠蝙蝠与非冬眠蝙蝠的进化过程所受到的选择压力无明显差异（P>0.05）.这说明在整个哺乳动物进化过程中UCP2对其能量代谢的调控均起到了重要作用.然而,UCP2如何参与哺乳动物能量调控仍有待于进一步研究.