不同依恋风格大学生注意偏向实验研究

用亲密关系经历量表(ECR)对70名在校大学生进行测试,据此选出焦虑型、回避型、安全型3组被试对象,之后采用Stroop色词命名任务进行实验。结果表明:非安全依恋风格被试对依恋相关信息存在注意偏向,两种非安全依恋风格(焦虑型、回避型)被试之间差异不显著。     

利手与注意偏向对双耳分听汉字大脑功能优势的影响

对24名左利手和24名右利手被试在三种注意条件（刺激驱动、注意左耳和注意右耳）下进行双耳分听汉字测验,检查中国人利手与汉字听觉词汇加工大脑两半球功能优势的关系,同时考察被试的注意偏向对优势效应的影响.结果表明：（1）汉语母语左利手被试加工汉字听觉词汇的大脑功能偏侧化组织明显不同于右利手;（2）右利手被试在刺激驱动条件下的右耳（左半球）优势易受注意偏向的调节出现明显波动;（3）注意偏向对左利手被试的影响主要表现为优势的左耳（右半球）成绩的下降与非优势的右耳（左半球）成绩的提高,这暗示汉语母语左利手者可能存在汉字听觉词汇加工的潜在两半球表征.     

Opening the attentional window in attentional blink: An attentional cuing study

To investigate whether the functioning of cognitive control is contingent upon the attentional set in attentional blink (AB), which is a deficit in reporting the second (T2) of two targets when it occurs 200—500 ms after the first (T1) in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) stream, this study examined the pattern of cuing effects in which two kinds of colored cues match (i.e., in the same attentional set) or mismatch (i.e., in a different attentional set) the color of the upcoming T2. Participants of the study were asked to monitor T1 and T2 in triple RSVP streams while the cue-T2 onset synchrony (CTOA) varied from 90 ms to 270 ms and the cue and T2 might or might not occur in the same RSVP stream as T1. Relative to the uncued condition, both the same-color and the different-color cues produced cuing effects, but the effect was larger and lasted for a longer time for the former than for the latter, whether the cue (and T2) and T1 occurred in the same stream or not. Cues with short CTOA in general enhanced T2 performance more greatly during the AB period than outside of the AB period, suggesting that cues with short CTOA could open the attentional window in advance of T2 and thus facilitate the T2 processing. These findings are consistent with the theory that the salient stimulus captures attention and opens the attentional window irrespective of the attentional set defined for the target; but the attention capture effect of the cue can be quickly overridden by the top-down control when the cue does not match the attention set. Thus both the top-down attentional control setting and the bottom-up attentional capture process function during attentional blink.     

交易行为的类型与一个行为模型

依据行为金融学的研究方法从信念角度出发区分交易者行为类型,进而探讨股价的形成机制。基于投资者在信息处理中存在系统性认知偏差,对不知情交易者为何成为交易策略相反的正反馈交易者和保守交易者进行了分析。通过行为模型,得出与传统理性市场观点不同的结论,在追逐信息租金过程中,不知情交易者的不完全理性对我国股价有显著影响,并对过度反应现象给出相应解释。     

Relationship between the simulated East Asian westerly jet biases and seasonal evolution of rainbelt over eastern China

Due to the particular geographical location and topog- raphical features, the East Asia exhibits prominent mon- soonal climate with significant seasonal variation and complex spatial distribution of climatic elements. There are many difficulties in simulating and forecasting the weather and climate over East Asia by using climate model system. Generally speaking, the capability and performance of the currently widely-used climate modelsin East Asia are not satisfied. It is of scientific sign…     

采用熵函数法的多传感器空间配准算法的研究

针对传感器空间配准问题,提出了一种基于滑窗法的极小化极大熵函数的传感器空间配准算法。该算法使用熵函数作为优化准则,根据传感器的量测模型推导出关于传感器系统偏差的目标函数,然后借助极大熵函数的思想,将目标函数的绝对值转化为对应的极大熵函数,并且使用拟牛顿法求得的极大熵函数的解作为传感器系统偏差的估计值。在单目标跟踪场景和多目标跟踪场景下,与传统传感器空间配准算法在相同的仿真条件下进行对比,仿真结果表明,所提算法能够有效地提高传感器距离量测和角度量测系统偏差的估计精度,从而实现高精度的空间目标跟踪。     

The estimation method of GPS instrumental biases

A model of estimating the global positioning system (GPS) instrumental biases and the methods to calculate the relative instrumental biases of satellite and receiver are presented. The calculated results of GPS instrumental biases, the relative instrumental biases of satellite and receiver, and total electron content (TEC) are also shown. Finally, the stability of GPS instrumental biases as well as that of satellite and receiver instrumental biases are evaluated, indicating that they are very stable during a period of two months and a half.     

Judging the probability that the next point in an observed time-series will be below,or above,a given value

We presented people with trended and untrended time series and asked them to estimate the probability that the next point would be below each of seven different reference values. The true probabilities that the point would be below these values were 0.01, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 0.90 and 0.99. People overestimated probabilities of less than 0.50 and underestimated those of more than 0.50. Consequently, their subjective probability distributions were flatter than they should have been: people appeared to be under confident in their estimates of where the next point would lie. This bias was greater for the trended series. It was also greater in a second experiment in which people estimated the probability that the next item would be above the reference values. We discuss reasons for these effects and consider their implications for decision making.     

自我聚焦对社交焦虑个体外部注意与状态焦虑的作用——来自眼动与生理指标的证据

为模拟真实的社会化场景,探究自我聚焦如何影响社交焦虑个体对外部社交反馈信息的注意与状态焦虑,采用演讲与自由观看任务, 105名被试在实验室中面对屏幕进行即兴演讲,同时自由观看提前录制的包含12位听众的录像,听众分别表现出正性、中性和负性的反馈。研究中操纵被试的自我聚焦(高自我聚焦条件或低自我聚焦条件),采用眼动仪测量被试在演讲中对正性、中性和负性反馈的注意,并使用生理仪测量皮肤电和心率。结果显示,自我聚焦在整体上减少了高、低社交焦虑组对外部社交反馈信息的注意,高、低社交焦虑组的心率在高自我聚焦条件下均比低自我聚焦条件下快。研究结果表明,自我聚焦削弱了社交焦虑个体对外部刺激的注意加工。     

RSVP字符流中后继干扰物在注意瞬脱中的作用

通过去掉RSVP刺激流中第2靶(T2)之后除紧跟T2的那个干扰物之外的其他干扰物,发现了对T2的报告正确率在长间隔条件下出现了不同寻常的降低.要求两名被试积极注意整条刺激流的实验发现,AB曲线回复到常规的U形曲线.这些结果提示:RSVP刺激流中后继干扰物的去除通过使观察者的注意状态出现偏差而影响长间隔时的AB效应.