海鞘提取物2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-2-氧代乙酸甲酯的合成

目的合成从太平洋海鞘Polycarpa aurata中提取的天然产物2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-2-氧代乙酸甲酯。方法采取实验的方法,即以苯甲醚为起始原料,经溴化制成Grignard试剂后,和草酸二甲酯在-40℃至室温反应2 h。结果得到2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-2-氧代乙酸甲酯,产率71.1%,并用IR,MS,1H NMR以及元素分析进行了表征。结论所用实验方法,原料易得,和其他合成方法相比产率较高。     

Involvement of prolyl endopeptidase in ascidian fertilization

Summary Inhibitory effects on fertilization of the ascidian of three benzyloxycarbonyl(Z)-aminoacyl prolinals and Z-Gly-Pro-chloromethyl ketone added before and after insemination were examined. The results suggest that the prolyl endopeptidase is involved in the process of fertilization, especially in a process taking place between chorion elevation and cell cleavage.Acknowledgment. We are indebted to Dr T. Numakunai of the Marine Biological Station of Tohoku University for collecting the ascidians and to Dr M. Hoshi of the Tokyo Institute of Technology for his helpful discussion. We are also grateful to Dr T. Yoshimoto and Prof. D. Tsuru of Nagasaki University for their generous gift of Z-Gly-Prochloromethyl ketone. This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan.     

Polyclinal,a new sulfated polyhydroxy benzaldehyde from the marine ascidianPolyclinum planum

Summary A new sulfated polyhydroxy benzaldehyde has been isolated from extracts of the temperate colonial ascidianPolyclinum planum. The structure of the new metabolite was solved by an X-ray crystallographic study. The highest concentration of this metabolite was found in the zooid-rich outer layers of this ascidian suggesting that it may represent a potential chemical defense against predators.     

长纹海鞘(Ascidia longistriara)的化学成分研究

从长纹海鞘（Ａｓｃｉｄｉａｌｏｎｇｉｓｔｒｉａｒａ）的氯仿提取物中分离得到２个化合物，经ＩＲ，ＭＳ和ＮＭＲ等波谱方法鉴定，这２个化合物为胆甾７烯３β醇和神经酰胺十八碳酰基鞘氨醇     

Inhibitory effect of halocyamine,an antimicrobial substance from ascidian hemocytes,on the growth of fish viruses and marine bacteria

Summary Halocyamine A, an antimicrobial substance isolated from hemocytes of the solitary ascidianHalocynthia roretzi, inhibited in vitro the growth of fish RNA viruses (infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus). Pretreatment of RNA virus with halocyamine A reduced the infectivity of the virus toward host cells. The growth of marine bacteria,Achromobacter aquamarinus andPseudomonas perfectomarinus, was also inhibited by halocyamine A but that ofAlteromonas putrefaciens andVibrio anguillarum was not. These results suggest that halocyamine may have a role in the defense mechanisms ofH. roretzi against marine viruses and bacteria.     

Sperm chymotrypsin-like enzymes of different inhibitor-susceptibility as lysins in ascidians

Summary Inhibitory effects of three peptidyl phenylalaninals on fertilization and on chymotrypsin-like enzyme activity of sperm in three species of ascidians were examined. The results suggest that a sperm chymotrypsin-like enzyme is indispensable for the fertilization in each of the ascidians, and that these enzymes have different susceptibilities to inhibitors.12 November 1986Acknowledgments. We are indebted to Dr M. Hoshi of Tokyo Institute of Technology for his helpful discussion. This work was supportd by a Grant-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan.     

New tamjamine class alkaloids from the marine ascidianAtapozoa sp. and its nudibranch predators. Origin of the tambjamines inAtapozoa

Summary Two new tambjamine class alkaloids, possessing ichthyodeterrent properties, have been isolated from the organic extracts of the marine ascidianAtapozoa sp. and its nudibranch predators. The structure of the new metabolites were elucidated through interpretation of their physical and spectral data and by comparison with spectral data for related compounds. Microscopic examination ofAtapozoa considering the yellow color of the tambjamines suggested thatAtapozoa is capable of the de novo biosynthesis of these metabolites.     

Effect of urochordamines on larval metamorphosis of ascidians

Two pteridine-containing bromophysostigmine alkaloids, urochordamine A and B, which were isolated from ascidians as larval metamorphosis promoters, were converted to more polar compounds, urochordamine A and B, respectively, when left standing in protic solvents. These four compounds promoted larval metamorphosis of the ascidianHalocynthia roretzi in the order A>A>B>B, and induced metamorphosis of the pediveliger larvae of the musselMytilus edulis galloprovincialis.     

丹参酮类化合物对海鞘油脂氧化稳定性影响

分别用乙酸乙酯和超临界CO2提取柄海鞘和玻璃海鞘中的油脂,得到了多不饱和脂肪酸含量很高的海鞘油脂,即柄海鞘含有89.84%(超临界CO2提取)和75.78%(乙酸乙酯提取)的多不饱和脂肪酸,玻璃海鞘含有69.77%(超临界CO2提取)和61.11%(乙酸乙酯提取)的多不饱和脂肪酸.对丹参进行系统的化学成分研究,从中分离并鉴定出7个化合物,即丹参酮I、丹参酮IIA、隐丹参酮、二氢丹参酮、丹参酮IIB、紫丹参酮甲素和齐墩果酸.以海鞘油脂为底物,用OSI仪测定了几种丹参酮类化合物的抗氧化活性,结果表明二氢丹参酮和丹参酮I是很好的油脂抗氧化剂,添加量为0.01%时,就可使油脂的氧化稳定性提高3~4倍.     

Timing of action of sperm proteases in ascidian fertilization

Summary The timing of action of three sperm proteases, acrosin, spermosin, and a chymotrypsin-like enzyme, in the fertilization of the ascidian,Halocynthia roretzi, was examined by adding specific protease inhibitors at various times after insemination. The results indicate that the last two enzymes both function at the early stage of the process of sperm penetration through the egg investment, while acrosin functions at the late stage.Acknowledgments. We are indebted to Dr M. Hoshi of Tokyo Institute of Technology for his helpful discussion, and to Dr T. Someno of Nippon Kayaku Kogyo Co. for his generous gifts of Z-Val-Pro-Arg-H and leupeptin. This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan, and from Naito Research Foundation.