家兔髋关节软骨扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电镜对家兔髋关节软骨观察发现:月状面软骨表面和股骨头软骨表面均具由纤维编织而成的网状层,月状面软骨顶部,纤维交错,网状层形态结构复杂而又丰厚;前部与后部次之,股骨头顶部,关节软骨表面的网状层显著低矮、致密,并有一矩形凹陷;下部,网状层呈斑块状,高低错落。     

软骨组织工程新进展

软骨组织工程技术为治疗骨、软骨疾病提供了一种新的方法，其主要技术路线是，通过种子细胞和生物活性支架的体外共培养实现软骨组织的再生，并最终完成组织的修复与重建。种子细胞的选择、支架的构建，培养条件的优化对软骨再生有重要作用，从而成为目前软骨工程领域的研究重点。     

CPP/PLLA软骨组织工程支架复合材料制备及其性能表征

采用溶媒浇铸/粒子滤取技术与气体发泡相结合的方法制备了三维、连通、微孔网状结构的CPP/PLLA软骨组织工程支架复合材料.测试了CPP/PLLA软骨组织工程支架复合材料的物理、力学性能并借助扫描电镜对其微结构进行了观察.结果表明,支架复合材料的初始物理、力学性能和微结构满足软骨组织工程对其支架材料的要求.     

关节软骨力学行为的数值模拟

关节软骨为一由骨胶原和蛋白聚糖固体相和孔隙流体相组成的多孔材料，其可以用基于混合物理论的两相多孔介质模型准确描述。作者采用有限元数值方法分析关节软骨图限压缩蠕变和应力松弛问题，得到软骨组织在蠕变和应力松弛过程中，固体相和流体相的速度、固体相的有效应力以及孔隙压力等随时间的变化规律。所得到的结果可以为人工软骨材料和人工关节的研制提供理论参考，对生物机械工程等领域的研究具有指导意义。     

关节内注射尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物对关节软骨的实验研究

探讨了尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物（urokinase-type plasminogen activator,uPA）对关节软骨的影响.选择健康新西兰大白兔42只,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组24只,对照组18只;实验组在右膝关节内注射uPA 0.4μg/0.2mL,对照组注射等容量的生理盐水,在注射后4周、8周、12周分批取兔软骨进行组织学观察及电镜检查.结果显示：实验组关节软骨表面不规则、缺损及结构破坏,软骨细胞数目减少、纤维增生及异染性降低,潮线的完整性破坏.结果表明：尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物可能是导致关节软骨破坏的相关因素之一.     

犁式滑雪转弯膝关节软骨有限元分析

随机挑选200名实验对象,记录他们的基本信息、关节角度和滑行速度,对其中181个有效数据进行分析.根据1名志愿者的MR,CT数据建立了膝关节140°软骨与骨的三维模型.根据运动学分析结果和膝关节解剖学结构定义载荷及约束,在Abaqus 6.14中得出转弯膝软骨应力集中出现的位置.研究结果表明:体重过大、速度过快时应适当增大转弯半径以减少向心力对膝关节软骨施加的应力;犁式转弯的过弯速度应控制在3 m/s之内.     

In vivo matrix-guided human mesenchymal stem cells

Microfracture of subchondral bone results in intrinsic repair of cartilage defects. Stem or progenitor cells from bone marrow have been proposed to be involved in this regenerative process. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that mesenchymal stem (MS) cells can in fact be recovered from matrix material saturated with cells from bone marrow after microfracture. This also introduces a new technique for MS cell isolation during arthroscopic treatment. MS cells were phenotyped using specific cell surface antibodies. Differentiation of the MS cells into the adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic lineage could be demonstrated by cultivation of MS cells as a monolayer, as micromass bodies or mesenchymal microspheres. This study demonstrates that MS cells can be attracted to a cartilage defect by guidance of a collagenous matrix after perforating subchondral bone. Protocols for application of MS cells in restoration of cartilage tissue include an initial invasive biopsy to obtain the MS cells and time-wasting in vitro proliferation and possibly differentiation of the cells before implantation. The new technique already includes attraction of MS cells to sites of cartilage defects and therefore may overcome the necessity of in vitro proliferation and differentiation of MS cells prior to transplantation. Received 3 November 2005; received after revision 15 December 2005; accepted 4 January 2006     

赤魟软骨新生血管抑制组分的制备及其活性的初步研究

以赤魟软骨为原料,对赤魟软骨中新生血管抑制组分的提取方法及其生物学活性进行了初步研究。采用盐酸胍抽提、冷冻离心、透析、冷冻干燥等方法,得到分子量为3～300 kDa的活性组分,研究结果表明:赤魟软骨提取物显著地抑制了鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管的生成,并且抑制效果具有一定的浓度依赖性。     

CPP/PLLA软骨组织工程支架复合材料降解性能研究

采用溶媒浇铸/粒子滤取技术与气体发泡相结合的方法制备出CPP/PLLA软骨组织工程支架复合材料,测试了该支架复合材料的物理力学性能和降解性能.研究结果表明,CPP/PLLA软骨组织工程支架复合材料具有适宜的孔隙率,良好的降解性能和物理力学性能,以及三维连通、微孔、网状微观结构.因此,该复合材料有望成为软骨组织工程支架材料之一.     

Collagen of the calcified layer of human articular cartilage

Summary The distribution patterns of collagen types I, II and III were studied using immunofluorescent staining techniques in human articular cartilage, including the calcified layer. Tissue taken from femoral heads was stained with the appropriate antiserum. Adjacent sections were stained with von Kossa or Alizarin red to determine the distribution of calcium salts. Results indicate that endochondral ossification at this site occurs by calcium being deposited initially within a matrix of type II collagen.