天然自然与人工自然的张力--信息论视域中的SARS事件形而上学探源

自然界在人类出现以前以天然自然的状态存在着，遵循自己固有的演化规律。人类创造的人工自然中所蕴含的人工信息具有直接和间接效应，其中间接效应尤其具有不可预测、难以控制、不可逆、强度大等特点。随着科学技术的发展，人工信息及其给生态系统和人类社会带来的效应都飞速增加。人类社会对人工信息的正面效应和负面效应的承受力是不对称的，大量增加的负面效应(例如非典病毒)如果超过临界值，可以将人类社会摧毁。因此它预示眷一个新时代的来临。     

Accurate forecasting of the undecided population in a public opinion poll

The problem of pollsters is addressed which is to forecast accurately the final answers of the undecided respondents to the primary question in a public opinion poll. The task is viewed as a pattern‐recognition problem of correlating the answers of the respondents to the peripheral questions in the survey with their primary answers. The underlying pattern is determined with a supervised artificial neural network that is trained using the peripheral answers of the decided respondents whose primary answers are also known. With peripheral answers as inputs, the trained network outputs the most probable primary response of an undecided respondent. For a poll conducted to determine the approval rating of the (former) Philippine president, J. E. Estrada in December 1999 and March 2000, the trained network predicted with a 95% success rate the direct responses of a test population that consists of 24.57% of the decided population who were excluded in the network training set. For the undecided population (22.67% of December respondents; 23.67% of March respondents), the network predicted a final response distribution that is consistent with the approval/disapproval ratio of the decided population. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

论辅助生殖技术引发的伦理问题及其应对机制

简单介绍了辅助生殖技术,分析了辅助生殖技术引发的伦理问题,提出了应对这些伦理问题的机制。     

Samples Selection for Artificial Neural Network Training in Preliminary Structural Design

An artificial neural network (ANN) is applied in the preliminary structural design of reticulated shells. Major efforts are made to enhance the generalization ability of networks through well-selected training samples. Number-theoretic methods (NTMs) are adopted to generate samples with low discrepancy, i.e.uniformly scattered in the domain, where discrepancy is a quantitative measurement of the uniformity. The discrepancy of the NTM-based sample set is 1/6-1/7 that of samples with equal spacing. In a case study,networks trained by NTM-based samples are compared with those trained by equal-spaced samples in generalizing performance. The results show that both the computational precision and stability of the former ANNs are more satisfactory than those of the latter. It is concluded that the flexibility of ANNs in generalizing can be effectively increased by use of uniformly distributed training samples rather than simply piling data.More reliable uniformity should be obtained, however, through NTMs instead of equal-spaced samples.     

人工神经网络紫外分光光度法同时测定苯和甲苯

应用三层ANN_BP网络解析苯和甲苯的吸收光谱 ,不经分离 ,用紫外分光光度法同时测定苯和甲苯 .使用改进的BP算法 ,避免了神经网络学习过程中可能产生的麻痹现象 ,提出了目标向量的简单变换方法及便于网络参数选择的收敛评价函数 .实验验证了方法的有效性 ,同时表明 ,苯在 0 - 72 0mg/L和甲苯在 0 - 84 0mg/L范围内服从比尔定律     

BP神经网络用于函数逼近的最佳隐层结构

研究采用反向传播算法的人工神经网络用于函数逼近时的支结构。方法,以典型的ｎ输入、单输出的多层ＢＰ网为例,在几种不同的网络隐层结构下对典的连续函数进行逼近训练。,分析各网络输出的全局误差。     

取食天然饲料与人工饲料的大蜡螟Galleria mellonella的生长发育差异比较

在温度为35±1℃、相对湿度为65±5％及全黑暗的条件下,对取食天然饲料和人工饲料的大蜡螟Galleria mellonella(L.)的生长发育进行了观察。在天然饲料中,以中蜂巢脾为食的大蜡螟生长发育最好,意蜂巢脾次之,蜂蜡不能很好地使大蜡螟完成发育。试验采用来源广泛且价格低廉的麸糠、面粉和玉米粉为主要原料配制成人工饲料供大蜡螟取食,与供食中蜂巢脾的大蜡螟比较,蛹重、成虫寿命、产卵量均无显著差异,但幼虫历期明显缩短6.8天。