球孢白僵菌对七种蚜虫的感染反应——时间-剂量-死亡率模型分析

通过以球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)菌株SGBB8601系列浓度的分生孢子悬液(10~4～10~8孢子/mL)对俄罗斯麦双尾蚜(Diuraphis noxia)、麦无网长管蚜(Metopolophium dirhodum)、麦长管蚜(Sitobion avenae)、麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)、玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidis)、禾谷缢管蚜(R padi)和忽布疣额蚜(Phorodon humuli)等七种蚜虫的体表接种试验,运用时间-剂量-死亡率模型分析了该菌株作用于上述寄主的剂量、时间及其互作效应。所测菌株对所有蚜虫均具有毒力,接种后七日的LD_(50)为1.25×10~5～114.82×10~5孢子/mL,毒力因蚜种而异,双尾蚜和忽布疣额蚜最为敏感,玉米蚜与禾谷缢管蚜的敏感性相对较低,其余居间。这些结果表明所试菌株具有作为蚜虫微生物防治候选因子的潜势。本研究采用的分析方法较传统的Probit或Logit分析方法有显著的优越性,将时间和剂量效应的分析统一到一个模型中,使时间与剂量效应的互作评价成为可能。笔者介绍了该模型的生物学基础和建模步骤,并讨论了在生物学研究领域的应用前景。     

对发展我国西南地区林业资源昆虫的探讨

对在我国西南地区发展白蜡虫、紫胶虫、五倍子蚜虫及马桑蚕等林业资源昆虫的意义、培育利用概况,以及作好区划,因地制宜地加以发展等问题作了探讨.     

种衣剂处理对油菜蚜虫控制效应的研究

研究表明种衣剂处理对油菜植株高度的影响集中表现在播种后１５～３５、５０～７０天两个增长高峰期；对茎粗、叶面积的影响以播种后３０～７０天增长尤为明显。对油菜蚜虫的控制效应表现在种群死亡率增大、若虫期发育历期加大，成虫寿命、产仔率明显降低。采用种衣剂和４０％甲基异柳磷混合处理，可有效地控制苗期蚜虫的危害，在花期配合喷施４０％甲基异柳磷，其保产效果可高达１９．７４％。     

Chronic mercury vapor poisoning of aphids

Summary Exposure of green peach aphids,Myzus persicae (Sulz.), to an atmosphere containing mercury vapor resulted in a curtailment ofembryogenesis and larviposition by adults, and in the development by larvae and adults of a cuticular darkening of their legs, head capsule, antennae, cornicles and cauda. Mortality of affected larvae resulted from molting difficulties, particularly by last-instar alatiform female and male larvae. Greenbugs,Schizaphis graminum (Rond.), and pea aphids,Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harr.), responded to mercury vapor exposure in similar ways.     

甘蔗花叶病毒MDB株系传播特性的研究

禾缢管蚜（Ｒｈｏｐａｌｏｓｉｐｈｕｍｐａｄｉ）、桃蚜（Ｍｙｚｕｓｐｅｒｓｉｃａｅ）、麦二叉蚜（Ｓｃｈｉｚａｐｈｉｓｇｒａｍｉｎｕｍ）、无网长管蚜（Ａｃｙｔｏｓｉｐｈｕｍｄｉｒｈｏｄｕｍ）和甘蓝蚜（Ｂｒｅｖｉｃｏｒｙｎｅｂｒａｓｓｉｃａｅ）能以非持久性方式甘蔗花叶病毒ＭＤＢ株系（ＳＣＭＶ－ＭＤＢ）,其中无网长管蚜和甘蓝蚜ＳＣＭＶ－ＭＤＢ为国内首次报道,麦长管蚜（display status     

Expression of two insect-resistant genescryIA (b&c)/GNA in transgenic tobacco plants results in added protection against both cotton bollworm and aphids

The synthesizedBacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein gene cryIA(b&c) and the synthesized geneGNA, (the mannose specific lectin from snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis)), tumefaciens have been inserted into plant expression vector pGW4BAI. Leave stripes ofNicotiana tabacum var. K326 have been transformed withAgrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring the plant expression vector. 28 kanamycin resistant tobacco plants have been obtained. PCR and Southern blot analyses show that the foreigncryIA andGNA genes have been inserted into the genome of transformed tobacco plants. Haemagglutination assays show thatGNA has a functional activity. Leaf disc bioassays against cotton bollworm (H. armigera) show that the transgenic tobacco plants have a high insecticidal activity. The inhibition of aphid population in leaf disc bioassays againstMyzus persicae shows that the fecundity of aphid on transgenic plants is lower than that on untransformed plants; the aphid population on the transgenic tobacco plants is 25%–70% that on untransformed tobacco plants. ELISA analysis of ClyIA protein in tobcco leaves provides similar data to bioassay results. Through the two bioassays againstH. armigera andM. persicae, several transgenic tobacco plants showing high insect-resistant activities to both pests have been obtained.     

Expression of two insect-resistant genes crylA ( b&c )/GNA in transgenic tobacco plants results in added protection against both cotton bollworm and aphids

The synthesized Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein gene crylA(b&c) and the synthesized gene GNA, (the mannose specific lectin from snowdrop ( Galanthus nivalis)), tumefaciens have been inserted into plant expression vector pGW4BAI. Leave stripes of Nico-tiana tabacum var. K326 have been transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring the plant expression vector. 28 kanamycin resistant tobacco plants have been obtained. PCR and Southern blot analyses show that the foreign crylA and GNA genes have been inserted into the genome of transformed tobacco plants. Haemagglutination assays show that GNA has a functional activity. Leaf disc bioassays against cotton bollworm ( H. armigera) show that the transgenic tobacco plants have a high insecticidal activity. The inhibition of aphid population in leaf disc bioassays against Myzus persicae shows that the fecundity of aphid on transgenic plants is lower than that on untransformed plants; the aphid population on the transgenic tobacco plants is 25%-70% that on untransformed tobacco plants. ELISA analysis of CrylA protein in tobcco leaves provides similar data to bioassay results. Through the two bioassays against H. armigera and M. persicae, several transgenic tobacco plants showing high insect-resistant activities to both pests have been obtained.     

Effects of 2-β-D-glucosyl-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one onSchizaphis graminum (rondani) (insecta,aphididae) feeding on artificial diets

Summary 2--Glucosyl-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA-Glc), the main hydroxamic acid from maize and wheat, and its aglucone, decreased survival ofSchizaphis graminum reared on artificial diets. Both compounds were toxic for aphids and acted as feeding deterrents, at concentrations as low as 1 mM. The natural concentrations of glucosides of hydroxamic acids in wheat leaves reach up to 6 mmoles/kg fresh weight, thus falling within the range in which DIMBOA-Glc causes delecterious effects to diet-fed aphids.To whom correspondence should be addressed. THis work was supported by grants from International Foundation for Science (484), Universidad de Chile (N-1654) and the Agency for International Development.     

小麦品种对麦长管蚜抗性的动态分析

小麦品种对麦长管蚜抗性的动态分析@侯有明@冯宝成@刘绍友...     

麦丰宝防治小麦蚜虫的研究

１９９１￣１９９４年进行麦丰宝的研制和田间药效试验，结果表明，麦丰宝是防治小麦蚜虫的一个较理想制剂，用麦丰宝１０００倍液喷雾防治小麦蚜虫效果最佳。