西宁地区苜蓿蚜生物学特性的研究

苜蓿蚜在西宁１年发生１０￣１４代，主要为害蚕豆，以卵在蜀葵，酸模，苦苣菜等杂草根茎处或地表干枯的草籽荚壳上越冬。翌年４月温度达１０￣１２℃开始孵化，每雌平均产蚜量为３０头，１５℃左右完成一代需８￣１０天，２０℃左右只需３￣４天，取食为害季节无翅胎生雌蚜平均存活７天左右，孪斑瓢虫和蚜茧蜂是其主要天敌。     

Evidence for transmission of aphid-pathogenic fungi by migratory flight of Myzus persicae alates

The alates of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, were daily trapped from the air from late October through early January and carried to laboratory for determination of fungal infection by individually rearing them for 7 d on detached cabbage leaves in Petri dishes. Among 760 alates trapped, 266 (35%) were found carrying various fungal pathogens, 87.3% of them died due to mycosis during the first 3-day period of rearing and the rest died in the following two days. Most of the deaths of the alates were attributed to entomophthoralean fungi, taking 94.4%, and the rest were the hyphomycetous fungus Beauveria bassiana. Among the Entomophthorales-killed alates, P. neoaphidis took a proportion of 66.1%, Z. anhuiensis 22.6%, E. planchoniana 9.7%, and N. fresenii 1.6%, respectively. Two alates were found suffering from cross infection of two fungal species, i.e. P. neoaphidis with Z. anhuiensis and N. fresenii, respectively. The results represent the first report on transmission of aphid-pathogenic fungi by M. persicae alates through migratory flight.     

Evidence for transmission of aphid-pathogenic fungi by migratory flight of Myzus persicae alates

The alates of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, were daily trapped from the air from late October through early January and carried to laboratory for determination of fungal infection by individually rearing them for 7 d on detached cabbage leaves in Petri dishes. Among 760 alates trapped, 266 (35%) were found carrying various fungal pathogens, 87.3% of them died due to mycosis during the first 3-day period of rearing and the rest died in the following two days. Most of the deaths of the alates were attributed to entomophthoralean fungi, taking 94.4%, and the rest were the hyphomycetous fungus Beauveria bassiana. Among the Entomophthorales-killed alates, P. neoaphidis took a proportion of 66.1%, Z. anhuiensis 22.6%, E. planchoniana 9.7%, and N. fresenii 1.6%, respectively. Two alates were found suffering from cross infection of two fungal species, i.e. P. neoaphidis with Z. anhuiensis and N. fresenii, respectively. The results represent the first report on transmission of aphid-pathogenic fungi by M. persicae alates through migratory flight.     

施肥措施对棉株抗蚜和耐蚜力的影响

小区试验后,大田试验,观察不同肥类及施肥量对棉株抗蚜和耐蚜力的影响.结果表明:单纯施氮肥会明显降低棉株的抗蚜和耐蚜力,并且随着氮肥量的增加而急骤下降;钾肥提高棉株的耐蚜力比磷肥强;适施混合肥并适量增施钾肥对提高棉株的耐蚜力特别有效.施混合肥也能提高棉株的抗蚜力.     

石河子地区棉蚜越冬规律及防治

棉蚜多以孤雌胎生蚜在室内花卉寄主上越冬,冬季窖藏石榴上的棉蚜卵能正常孵化,1月搭起的蔬菜大棚棉蚜末见发生;秋季至冬前,次生寄主棉田棉杆上的有翅孤雌蚜始终保持一定比例,棉田翻田耕后棉杆上棉蚜越冬卵未见存活,而立于地面棉杆上的越冬卵可孵化。下雪丧,原生寄主黄金树上有翅弧雌蚜基本消失,春季原生寄主与次生寄主上棉蚜卵的饱满率及其孵化率均较低。     

Biological aspects on the cultures of the entomophthoralean fungus<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pandora delphacis</Emphasis> grown on broomcorn millets

Among entomopathogenic fungi the Entomophthor- ales plays an important role in natural control of insect pests through induction of epizootics in insect popula-tions[1—3]. Since most species of the fungal group are 4 - characteristic with their special capability of actively dis-charging conidia to favor infection and dissemination in host populations, they are ideal targets for epizootiologi-cal study, being considered as important microbial control agents. Currently, 66 species …     

兴隆山自然保护区落叶松蚜虫天敌种类调查研究

2000～2005年对甘肃兴隆山自然保护区落叶松蚜虫天敌种类进行了调查.发现蚜虫天敌29种. 研究了优势种类发生规律,探索影响优势种种群数量的因素,提出了保护利用对策.     

苜蓿蚜药剂防治试验

使用九种药剂进行蚜虫的毒力测定，并计算ＬＣ５０值。结果：浓度值域在０．０８２％￣２．８３％之间，相差３６．４倍，表明各药剂对蚜虫毒力差异很大。田间药剂防治试验结果，抗蚜威，菊马，敌杀死，杀灭菌酯在喷雾浓度分别为３５００￣４５００倍、３５００￣４０００倍、３０００￣４０００倍、２０００￣３０００倍时，防效最佳，依次为８８．６％￣９１．２％，８７．６％￣９０．７％、８６．７％￣８７．２％和８５．２％￣     

Chronic mercury vapor poisoning of aphids

Summary Exposure of green peach aphids,Myzus persicae (Sulz.), to an atmosphere containing mercury vapor resulted in a curtailment ofembryogenesis and larviposition by adults, and in the development by larvae and adults of a cuticular darkening of their legs, head capsule, antennae, cornicles and cauda. Mortality of affected larvae resulted from molting difficulties, particularly by last-instar alatiform female and male larvae. Greenbugs,Schizaphis graminum (Rond.), and pea aphids,Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harr.), responded to mercury vapor exposure in similar ways.     

蚜虫次级内共生菌的多样性和功能

内共生菌与其寄主之间的关系一直都是生物学研究的热点。蚜虫类昆虫的内共生菌分为初级内共生菌(Buchnera)和一些次级内共生菌。Buchnera与蚜虫寄主之间有密切的营养共生关系,对蚜虫寄主的生长发育至关重要。虽然次级内共生菌在蚜虫体内含量相对较少,但是随着研究的不断深入,次级内共生菌无论对蚜虫寄主的生态行为(抵御寄生蜂、耐高温特性、体色形成等)还是物种形成和进化的影响都不容忽视。此外,次级内共生菌基因组序列的测定,也促进了功能基因学的发展。在系统梳理已发表文献的基础上,本文主要综述了蚜虫次级内共生菌的基本特征、多样性、及其对蚜虫寄主的生态影响,进而对未来值得关注的问题进行了展望。