Increment of antioxidase activity of transgenic tobacco with betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the leaves of transgenic tobacco plants with betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) gene was about 36% higher than that in the control plants (parent plants), activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (Cat) increased by about 62% and 88% respectively. Activities of ascorbate peroxidase (AsSPOD), dehydroascorbate redutase (DAsAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) in ascorbate-glutothion pathway located at chloroplasts increased by 67.7%, 47.9% and 38.8% respectively. These results indicated that the H₂O₂ produced by SOD catalyzing superoxide anion radicals (O^-₂) could be fully decomposed, and could not derive to form the strongest toxicant radicals ·OH. This is the first report to elucidate quantitatively that the activities of two kinds of antioxidative enzymes decomposed radicals and active oxygen were matched. Photoinhibition tolerant capacity of the transgenic tobacco plants was 35% higher than that in the parent plants. Increment of photoinhibition tolerant capacity in the transgenic tobacco plants might be due to increment of antioxidative enzymes activities, in turn being able to more effectively scavenge active oxygen and radicals, protect organization and function of chloroplasts. These results showed that the increment of antioxidative enzymes activities in the transgenic tobacco might be one of the reasons for the increment of resistance in the transgenic tobacco.     

荒漠化针茅草原退化机制与可持续利用放牧对策研究

以荒漠草原为研究对象探讨了草原退化的机理,组建了多层次权重分析模型及最优控制模型,提出了优化利用草地资源的相应管理对策。权重分析结果表明,超载放牧是导致草地退化的主要动因,而围栏封育与轮牧是可持续利用的最有效措施。该草原的优势种群短花针茅的最优水平ｘ＾＊＝１９８．４４,相应的最估放牧策略为：ｕ＾＊＝０（当ｘ〈ｘ＾＊时）,ｕ＾＊＝５９．０４（当ｘ＝ｘ＾＊时）,ｕ＾＊＝７９．９９（当ｘ〉ｘ＾＊时）。     

纳米二氧化钛催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

利用酸催化的溶胶-凝胶(Sol—Gel)法制备了纳米二氧化钛半导体催化剂．用XRD,TEM技术对其结构进行了表征．并利用环己烷在其上的光催化氧化进行了结构与其催化性能关系的研究．结果表明：利用热处理技术可以制得不同粒径、不同相结构的纳米粒子;粒子粒度分布均匀,粒径分布范围窄;该纳米催化剂的光催化活性随粒子粒径的大小、相结构的不同而改变;催化剂对产物环己醇具有很高的选择性(选择性大于85％)．     

TiO_2/氧化石墨烯复合材料的合成及光催化性能研究

以自制氧化石墨、钛酸丁酯为主要原料,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2/氧化石墨烯(TiO2/GO)复合材料,采用TEM、XRD对其进行表征。以活性艳红X-3B溶液为模拟废水,研究了该复合材料的光催化降解性能,考察了氧化石墨烯含量、染料初始浓度、催化剂用量等因素对其光催化降解率的影响。结果表明:氧化石墨烯片层上均匀负载着锐钛矿型的TiO2球形颗粒,粒径在10 nm左右;当TiO2/GO复合材料中加入的GO含量为100 mg时光催化活性最好,比相同条件下纯TiO2和TiO2与氧化石墨物理混合物的光催化活性有明显提高;相同条件下,降解率随溶液初始浓度的升高而降低,催化剂用量存在最佳值,100 mg/L的活性艳红X-3B溶液,催化剂用量的最佳值为0.8 g/L,反应60 min后其降解率可达96%。     

硅对盐胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片膜脂过氧化和保护系统的影响

采用砂基培养方法,研究硅对盐胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片膜脂过氧化和保护系统的影响。结果表明,硅使盐胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片保护酶（SOD、POD、CAT、AsA-POD)活性显著上升,抗坏血酸（AsA)含量明显增加,玉米叶片的丙二醛（MDA）含量和超氧阴离子自由基（O2.-)产生速率显著下降,叶片质膜透性降低。硅提高了盐胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片叶绿素含量和叶绿素a/b值,增强了光合速率,因此硅可减轻盐胁迫对玉米幼苗的伤害。     

亮叶杨桐中类黄酮提取及其抗氧化、抑菌作用的研究

本文报道从亮叶杨桐中提取生物括性物质类黄酮化合物的工艺，探讨了该提取物的抗氧化和抑菌作用。实验结果表明，亮叶杨桐中总黄酮含量的２８．４％。用乙醇提取类黄酮，得率高达９７．３％，提取物的纯度为６５．５％；用水提取类黄酮，得率为８９，７％，其纯度为７０．４％，类黄酮提取物浓度为０．０６％时，对猪油的抗氧化能力高于０．０２％ＢＨＴ；类黄酮对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏杆菌、枯草杆菌和普通变形杆菌等致病菌均有明显的抑制作用。