夏季南极长城湾沿岸海域浮游硅藻群落定量分析

对南极硅藻进行定量研究较有必要,以客观准确地了解它的组成和分布特征。在南极长城湾沿岸海域共设置6个采样点,每个采样点定量采集3个浮游硅藻样本。结果显示:长城湾海域共发现浮游硅藻31种。浮游硅藻群落的优势种为Cocconesi fasciolata(18.5%)、Amphora holsatica(13.6%)。次优势种为Cocconeis costata(7.1%)、Cocconeis imperatrix(6.8%)、Thalassiosira antarctica(6.4%)、Rhoicosphenia genuflexa(6.1%)、Licmophora antarctica(5.1%)。各样点浮游硅藻细胞密度总平均值为1.92×10~5ind·L~(-1),变幅为1.44×10~5~2.56×10~5ind·L~(-1)。浮游硅藻的分布从湾心到湾口呈现出一定趋势:浮游硅藻的物种丰度,湾心处共15种,湾口处共25种;浮游硅藻的细胞密度,湾心处平均为2.51×10~5ind·L-1,湾口处平均为1.48×10~5ind·L~(-1)。通过相关性分析结果可知,浮游硅藻由湾心到湾口,物种丰度和硅藻细胞密度呈负相关。     

卫星遥感监测大气臭氧总量分布和变化

 利用卫星紫外仪器TOMS、OMI和TOU的臭氧总量数据(1979-2014年),研究了全球及关键地区臭氧总量的分布及变化。讨论了南北半球臭氧总量分布和变化的差异,探讨了影响臭氧分布和变化的可能因子。重点分析了中国区域、青藏高原和极地的臭氧变化,并利用FY-3数据对南极臭氧洞和北极臭氧低值进行了监测。结果表明,臭氧总量的分布和变化在中高纬度地区具有很强的不均匀性,极地臭氧损耗依然明显,青藏高原的臭氧增长大于同纬度其他地区,其机制更加复杂。     

南极高空臭氧含量减少对平流层温度场影响的数值模拟

目的对比研究南极大陆高空臭氧含量对全球平流层大气温度场的影响。方法应用改进后的CCM1(R15L12)模式,以国家气象中心1991年1月16日的全球客观分析资料为初始场,积分到1998年7月31日。结果平流层上、中、下部温度下降的趋势均较为明显,同时部分区域温度略有增高,这在北半球更为显著。结论整体而言臭氧减少可造成平流层各层的温度降低,从而影响到平流层的大气环流及输送过程。     

Isolation, chemical characteristics and immunity activity of an extracellular polysaccharide EPSⅠ isolated from Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. S-15-13

A new extracelluar polysaccharide (EPS) was isolated and purified from Antarctic bacterium S-15-13, identified as Pseudoalteromonas sp. After being separated and purified by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 ionexchange and Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography, two mains fractions (EPSⅠand EPSⅡ) were obtained. EPSⅠwas composed of mannose, glucose and galactose with a molecular weight of 23kDa and EPSⅡwas composed of mannose only with a molecular weight of 62kDa.The effect of the polysaccharide EPSⅠ on the cellular immune response of mice was investigated. Results demonstrated that EPSⅠ could markedly facilitate lymphocyte proliferation, and might be a strong immunomodulator.     

Isolation, chemical characteristics and immunity activity of an extracellular polysaccharide EPS I isolated from Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp.S-15-13

A new extracelluar polysaccharide （EPS） was isolated and purified from Antarctic bacterium S-15-13, identified as Pseudoalteromonas sp. After being separated and purified by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 ionexchange and Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography, two mains fractions （EPS I and EPS Ⅱ ） were ob-tained. EPS I was composed of mannose, glucose and galactose with a molecular weight of 23kDa and EPS Ⅱ was composed of mannose only with a molecular weight of 62kDa. The effect of the polysaccharide EPS I on the cellular immune response of mice was investigated. Results demonstrated that EPS I could markedly facilitate lymphocyte proliferation, and might be a strong immunomodulator.     

Isolation, chemical characteristics and immunity activity of an extracellular polysaccharide EPSⅠ isolated from Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. S-15-13

A new extracelluar polysaccharide (EPS) was isolated and purified from Antarctic bacterium S-15-13, identified as Pseudoalteromonas sp. After being separated and purified by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 ionexchange and Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography, two mains fractions (EPSⅠ and EPSⅡ ) were obtained. EPSⅠ was composed of mannose, glucose and galactose with a molecular weight of 23kDa and EPSⅡ was composed of mannose only with a molecular weight of 62kDa. The effect of the polysaccharide EPSⅠ on the cellular immune response of mice was investigated. Results demonstrated that EPSⅠ could markedly facilitate lymphocyte proliferation, and might be a strong immunomodulator.     

Screening and optimization of EPA-producing antarctic psychrophilic bacterium Shewanella sp. NJ136

Two hundred strains of bacteria from Antarctic sea ice were collected and screened for their ability of producing eieosapentaenoic acid （EPA, 20： 5ω3） by means of Gas Chromatography/Mass Spetmmetry （GC/MS）. Eight strains of bacteria containing EPA were investigated, among which the outstanding one was recorded as NJ136. This bacterium was identified as Shewanella by the biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequence. Response surface methodology （RSM） was applied to optimize the medium ingredients. A 24 full factorial central composite design （FFCCD） was employed to determine the naximum EPA production at optimum levels of pH, NaC1, glucose and yeast extract. The predicted optimal combination of media constituents for maximum 14.02 mg/g （ about 1.7-fold increase） EPA production were determined as 30.15%e （m/v） NaC1, 9.98 g/L glucose, 4.42 g/L yeast extract and pH 6.08. The actual experimental results were in agreement with the prediction.     

假丝酵母(Candida antarctic WSH112)生产生物表面活性剂及降解正构烷烃的研究

研究了假丝酵母ＷＨＳ１１２以豆油为唯一碳源生产生物表面活性剂甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂（ＭＥＬ）的摇瓶发酵条件,得到的最适条件分别为接种量５％～８％（ｖ／ｖ）,氮源为０．２％ＮａＮＯ３,温度为２５℃,２５０ｍｌ三角瓶装液量为３０ｍｌ,初始ｐＨ６．０;通过逐步增大正构烷烃浓度的方法进行了实验室内的菌种诱导改良工作,并通过初步研究发现,该菌种在产生生物表面活性剂的同时,对正构烷烃具有较好的降解能力（＞９０％）。     

南极冰夏季消退大气季节内振荡的数值试验

利用IAP－GCM数值模拟模拟了南极冰消退时大气响应的候平均时间序列场,经带通滤波研究了大气季节内振荡的特征,得到了大气对南极冰消退的响应是一种具有30－60天周期的低频遥响应。它在南半球高纬的传播基本上为西传,而在赤道附近有东传趋势,南半球中纬地区呈明显的东传现象。在纬向季节内振荡最大动能区位于大洋内,其扰动能量在波列路径上的传播具有很明显的一致性和系统性。     

电阻率冰厚监测装置在南极海冰考察中的应用

电阻率冰厚监测装置是中国第21次南极考察中海冰厚度监测的技术设备之一。结合南极极端环境,对基于冰、水不同电传导性质的电阻率冰厚监测装置首次在南极海冰考察中所取得的数据进行了分析,总结出极地海冰不稳定的现场环境和低温是影响该装置测量精度的主要因素,并依据分析结果对该装置提出了改进措施。