林下连作种植参根际土壤可培养微生物区系及细菌群落对酚酸类化感物质的响应

为探究酚酸类成分对林下连作参根际土壤中微生物区系及可培养细菌群落的影响,以未栽培人参(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)林地土壤(1#样品)、连作未发病土壤(2#样品)和连作发病土壤(3#样品)为研究对象,探究根际土壤中微生物区系及可培养细菌群落结构、多样性的变化。同时,通过高效液相色谱(High Performance Liquid Chromatography, HPLC)分析方法对土壤样品中的酚酸进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,2#样品和3#样品土壤可培养微生物总数量与1#样品相比分别下降61.37%和68.24%;可培养细菌分别下降61.36%和68.18%;可培养放线菌分别下降72.97%和75.68%;可培养真菌分别为1#样品的1.40倍和0.47倍。3种样品共分离到193株细菌,分属于4门6纲13目19科39属96种。3种样品中最优势菌纲均为芽孢杆菌纲Bacilli(相对分离频率分别为51.67%、64.00%、48.28%),1#样品、2#样品最优势菌属为芽孢杆菌属Bacillus(相对分离频率分别为15.00%、21.33%),3#样品最优势菌属为链霉菌属...     

腐烂的麦茬及周围麦土提取液中生化相克物质的分离和鉴定

本实验采用单向、双向、单向多次重复纸层析技术对腐烂的麦茬及周围麦土提取液中的生化相克物质进行了分离。结合Rf值、特征颜色反应、吸收曲线等分析方法,初步鉴定这些抑制物质中至少含有对—羟基苯甲酸、阿魏酸、香豆素(或香豆酸),香兰素(或香草酸)。且麦茬提取液中对—羟基苯甲酸、阿魏酸的含量大于麦土提取液。香豆素主要存在于麦茬提取液中,而香兰素主要存在于麦土提取液中。     

化感活性物质影响种子萌发作用机理的研究进展

化感作用由于其独特的生物学特性而受到广泛关注,并逐渐成为近年来的研究热点。然而目前多数的化感作用研究关注于化感物质对幼苗生长的影响以及化感物质的分离、鉴定、提纯,而对化感物质影响植物种子萌发的作用机理缺乏足够的重视。本文主要论述了化感作用的概念、发展以及化感物质降低种子萌发率、改变激素平衡、破坏生物膜结构、影响种子呼吸代谢等一系列生理活动的作用机理。最后对今后化感作用的研究重点进行展望,强调应着重进行化感物质作用机理的精确研究,从分子、基因水平进行探讨。     

不同林地巨桉的化感物质比较研究

以正己烷作溶剂,用超声波浸提蒲江、洪雅两地的巨桉根系、根系土壤,用GC-MS检测其成分.结果表明,蒲江的巨桉根系、根系土壤的主要化感类别都是芳香酸酯;洪雅的巨桉根系的主要化感类别是长链脂肪酸,根系土壤的主要化感类别是烷烃.芳香酸酯等芳香族化合物的抑制作用可能是蒲江、洪雅两巨桉林地物种差异较大的主要化感原因之一,对今后化感成分的生理生化作用研究有一定的指导意义.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱测定化感水稻根系分泌的酚酸类化合物

建立了固相萃取(SPE)-高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定化感水稻根系分泌的酚酸类化合物的分析方法.选用SPE小柱Cleanert PEP(500 mg/6 mL)对水稻水培液的酚酸类化合物进行富集.采用Agilent 1260 HPLC色谱仪、ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.1%磷酸水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在流速1.6 mL/min、柱温30℃、检测波长280 nm的条件下分离测定了3,4二羟基苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸、丁香酸、香兰素、香草酸、香豆酸、阿魏酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、肉桂酸等10种酚酸类化合物.建立的方法成功应用于化感水稻根系分泌的酚酸类化合物的检测,回收率在94.6%～105.8%之间.该方法灵敏度高,重复性好,检测快速、准确,适用于水稻根系分泌的酚酸类化合物的定量测定.     

益母草(Leonurus heterophyllus Sweet)化感作用的初步研究

以生菜(Lactuca sativa L.)和紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)作为受体植物,对益母草(Leonurus heterophyllus)不同部位水浸提液的化感潜势进行了生物检测;在此基础上,采用水、乙醇、丙酮、甲醇和乙酸乙酯等5种溶剂分别浸提益母草茎叶,比较分析了不同浸提物化感作用的强度.结果表明:益母草根和茎叶的水浸提液都具有化感作用,在低浓度时表现出促进作用,其中根的促进效果更明显;在高浓度时则表现出抑制效应,其中茎叶浸提液在浓度为100mg/mL时抑制作用最大(p<0.01);益母草茎叶不同溶剂浸提液都表现出"低促高抑"的化感作用特征,但效果存在差异,水和乙酸乙酯浸提组分表现出较强的化感抑制作用,显示益母草可能同时含有亲水和亲脂化感物质.     

Tissue-specific expression of glutathione S-transferases induced by 2-tridecanone or quercetin in cotton bollworms, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)

The tissue-specific expression of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in the cotton bollworm and the expression level induced by 2-tridecanone and quercetin were examined using the methods of biochemistry and the quantitative PCR. The relative expression level of GST mRNA was unanimous with the GSTs activity conjugaging with 1-chloro-2, 4-dimitro-benzene (CDNB) in fat bodies,midguts, heads and integuments of cotton bollworms. The GSTs activity in fat bodies was the highest, then midguts, heads and integuments in turn, which was in consistent with the relative expression level of GST mRNA. The specific activity of GSTs and the relative expression level of GST mRNA could be significantly induced by 2-tridecanone and quercetin, and after the induction the order of the GSTs activity and the relative expression level of GST mRNA in the above four tissues in cotton bollworms was not different from the control.The induction of GSTs by 2-tridecanone was stronger than by quercetin in all four tissues, which was in accordance with the relative expression level of GST mRNA. It suggested that the increase of GSTs activity induced by plant allelochemicals was associated with the elevated expression of GST mRNA in cotton bollworms.     

地黄根区土壤潜在化感物质的GC-MS分析

采用GC-MS分析法,研究吸附树脂提取的地黄根区土壤浸提液中化感物质的种类.结果表明,在地黄根区土壤中存在有机酸、醇、酚、醛、酚酸等有机化合物,其中很多被报道是化感物质,地黄根区土壤化感物质种类远多于对照土壤.     

Tissue-specific expression of glutathione S-transferases induced by 2-tridecanone or quercetin in cotton bollworms, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)

The tissue-specific expression of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in the cotton bollworm and the expression level induced by 2-tridecanone and quercetin were examined using the methods of biochemistry and the quantitative PCR. The relative expression level of GST mRNA was unanimous with the GSTs activity conjugaging with 1-chloro-2, 4-dimitro-benzene (CDNB) in fat bodies, midguts, heads and integuments of cotton bollworms. The GSTs activity in fat bodies was the highest, then midguts, heads and integuments in turn, which was in consistent with the relative expression level of GST mRNA. The specific activity of GSTs and the relative expression level of GST mRNA could be significantly induced by 2-tridecanone and quercetin, and after the induction the order of the GSTs activity and the relative expression level of GST mRNA in the above four tissues in cotton bollworms was not different from the control. The induction of GSTs by 2-tridecanone was stronger than by quercetin in all four tissues, which was in accordance with the relative expression level of GST mRNA. It suggested that the increase of GSTs activity induced by plant allelochemicals was associated with the elevated expression of GST mRNA in cotton bollworms.     

Tissue-specific expression of glutathione S-transferases induced by 2-tridecanone or quercetin in cotton bollworms, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)

The tissue-specific expression of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in the cotton bollworm and the expression level induced by 2-tridecanone and quercetin were examined using the methods of biochemistry and the quantitative PCR. The relative expression level of GST mRNA was unanimous with the GSTs activity conjugaging with 1-chloro-2, 4-dimitro-benzene (CDNB) in fat bodies, midguts, heads and integuments of cotton bollworms. The GSTs activity in fat bodies was the highest, then midguts, heads and integuments in turn, which was in consistent with the relative expression level of GST mRNA. The specific activity of GSTs and the relative expression level of GST mRNA could be significantly induced by 2-tridecanone and quercetin, and after the induction the order of the GSTs activity and the relative expression level of GST mRNA in the above four tissues in cotton bollworms was not different from the control. The induction of GSTs by 2-tridecanone was stronger than by quercetin in all four tissues, which was in accordance with the relative expression level of GST mRNA. It suggested that the increase of GSTs activity induced by plant allelochemicals was associated with the elevated expression of GST mRNA in cotton bollworms.