二元复合驱体系中钠型蒙脱土的表面电性质

利用电势分析仪分析了石油磺酸盐及部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）对钠型蒙脱土ζ电势的影响，采用X射线衍射（XRD）测定了钠型蒙脱土于石油磺酸盐、HPAM溶液中结构的变化。结果表明，石油磺酸盐、HPAM均能使钠型蒙脱土的ζ电势变得更负，而且使钠型蒙脱土的XRD峰发生明显的变化，说明HPAM和石油磺酸盐不仅可以吸附到蒙脱土的表面，而且可以吸附到蒙脱土的层间结构中。     

负载杂多酸催化剂催化合成直链烷基苯的研究

在固定床反应器和一定的反应条件下，考察了改变苯烯摩尔比对负载杂多酸催化剂催化合成直链烷基苯的活性和选择性的影响。实验结果表明，随着苯烯比的增加，十二烯的转化率和2位-十二烷基苯的选择性均有所增加。在苯烯摩尔比4∶1、液体质量总空速10h^-1、温度120℃和液固反应条件下，对催化剂的稳定性进行了实验考察，结果显示，连续反应70h后，负载杂多酸催化剂的活性明显下降。利用SEM、FT-IR和TG等对失活催化剂进行了基本表征，结果表明积炭可能是引起负载杂多酸催化剂失活的主要原因。     

温度对正负离子表面活性剂及其复配体系表面活性的影响

本文应用张力法测定了正负离子表面活性剂及其复配体系在不同温度下的表面张力，研究了各种体系的表面性质与温度的关系，并计算了在不同温度下的标准自由能变化．对不同体系的变化规律作了讨论．     

模板剂、磷源和乙醇对模板法层状磷酸钙盐的影响

以表面活性剂为模板的介孔材料合成方法广为人们关注．以十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)为模板,在水性体系中制备了层状介孔磷酸钙盐．用XRD表征了合成产物的无机相组成和层状结构的有序度．考察了不同熟化时间下SDS、磷源和乙醇的影响．结果表明,SDS用量增加可以提高层状结构的有序度,磷酸铵盐特别是(NH_4)_2HPO_4为磷源、乙醇与水体积比为1：1对有序层状结构的形成最有利．     

砂岩-重烷基苯石油磺酸盐润湿性的实验研究

目的 研究石油磺酸盐对砂岩润湿性的测定方法。方法 采用Washburn方程建立了测定及计算方法。结果 通过相对润湿接触角概念的提出，得到了砂岩-重烷基苯石油磺酸盐水溶液体系润湿性的测定结果。结论 建立的砂岩．石油磺酸盐水溶液体系的润湿接触角测定方法是一简便、准确的方法。石油磺酸盐水溶液浓度的变化将对砂岩的润湿性质产生明显影响。     

河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)对氧化石墨烯和全氟辛烷磺酸类物质(PFOS)联合胁迫的生理生化响应

为了探索碳纳米材料氧化石墨烯(GO)和全氟辛烷磺酸类物质(PFOS)在淡水底栖贝类体内的联合毒性效应, 以河蚬为研究对象, 考察 1 mg/L GO和500 ng/L PFOS单独及联合暴露28天后对河蚬体长、体重、滤食率、活性氧水平、抗氧化系统酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响, 并采用优化的综合生物标志物响应指数(EIBR)进行整体评估。结果表明, 暴露结束后, 河蚬的体长和体重没有明显的变化。与空白对照组和溶剂对照组相比, GO和PFOS的单独暴露组及联合暴露组的滤食率均显著下降。在河蚬的鳃和内脏团中, GO和PFOS的胁迫都会引起抗氧化系统酶活性响应的显著变化, 且两器官中变化趋势一致。EIBR结果表明, 鳃和内脏团中联合暴露组的毒性比 PFOS或GO单独暴露组的毒性更强。     

Serum levels of perfluorinated compounds in the general population in Shenzhen, China

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been detected in many environmental matrices, biota, and nonoccupationally exposed populations in China recently. However, little is known about the distribution and levels of various PFCs in the general population living in areas where there is PFC exposure. In the present study, the levels and prevalence of ten target PFCs were determined in 227 serum samples from a population of nonoccupationally exposed individuals in Shenzhen, China. Results indicated that human exposure to PFCs was prevalent in Shenzhen. Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) was the dominant PFC contaminant in the serum samples, with a median concentration of 6.72 ng/mL, followed by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) with a median concentration of 2.07 ng/mL. Other PFCs were detected at much lower concentrations, with median concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.87 ng/mL. Statistically, no significant (P>0.05) gender differences were observed for any of the PFCs. Significant (P<0.01) positive correlations were found between age and serum concentrations of the target PFCs, except for perfluorobutane sulfonate (R = 0.16, P = 0.01), perfluorohexanoic acid (R = 0.08, P = 0.22), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (R = 0.11, P = 0.10). Based on the one-compartment pharmacokinetic model, the total daily intakes of PFOA and PFOS for the general population in Shenzhen were calculated as 0.63 and 0.20 ng/kg body weight/day, respectively.     

Syntheses,structure and photoluminescent properties of lanthanide oxalatosulfocarboxylate coordination polymers

Hydrothermal reactions of oxalic acid(H2ox) and 2-sulfobenzoic acid(H2L) with lanthanide oxide or hydroxide yielded five lanthanide oxalatosulfocarboxylates.They have a general formula [Ln2L2(ox)(H2O)6]n[Ln = La(1),Nd(2),Eu(3),Gd(4),Tb(5)].Their structures were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction,powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD),infrared(IR) spectroscopy,elemental analysis(EA),and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).1-5 are isostructural coordination polymers and feature one-dimensional(1D) chains,which are extended into 3D supramolecular frameworks through inter-chain hydrogen bonds between coordinated H2O donors and oxygen acceptors from carboxylate,sulfonate and oxalate groups.In addition,the solid-state photoluminescence properties of the Nd(2),Eu(3) and Tb(5) derivatives have been measured at room temperature.The Eu and Tb-containing coordination polymers(CPs) exhibit intense red and green luminescence emissions,respectively,with lifetimes in the order of millisecond.     

含金矿物的氰化浸取动力学

筛选了一种能强化金浸取反应速率的添加剂——间硝基苯磺酸钠(MS),并进行了浸取反应过程的动力学研究。讨论了MS和氰化钠浓度、温度、搅拌强度及矿物粒度等因素对浸取反应的影响。MS通过改变阴极反应体系强化了金的氰化浸取反应速率,且对浸取液中氰化物无破坏作用。采用收缩未反应芯模型较好地描述了金的浸取过程,金浸取的动力学过程受扩散控制。同时导出了宏观动力学方程。用黄铁矿焙渣在串联式池浸装置中进行工业化模拟试验的结果表明,含MS的浸取液,浸取金含量仅为0.94g/t的矿渣,具有较力满意的结果。     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠对不锈钢孔蚀的缓蚀作用

采用浸蚀法、测定孔蚀特征电位及ｉ－ｔ曲线、模拟闭塞电池试验及交流阻抗频谱技术等，研究了１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ不锈钢在氯化物水溶液中的孔蚀行为，以及十二烷基苯磷酸钠和／或单乙醇胺对孔蚀引发与扩展过程的抑制作用．发现十二烷基苯磷酸钠及单乙醇胺对本腐蚀体系有一定的缓蚀作用，二者有明显的协同效应，这种效应主要表现在对孔蚀扩展阶段的影响．模拟闭塞电池实验表明，孔蚀的扩展阶段包含稳定扩展阶段及加速扩展阶段，添加剂使稳定扩展阶段的Ｎｙｑｕｉｓｔ图的低频部容抗派加大；在加速扩展阶段，低频部增加一个容抗弧．