葡萄酒废弃物营养成分分析及果胶的提取

为确定葡萄酒废弃物中的营养成分,对葡萄酒废弃物中总糖,可溶性糖,蛋白质,维生素C,氨基态氮的含量进行了测定,并利用单因素试验和正交试验对葡萄酒废弃物中果胶的提取条件进行了优化研究。结果表明,葡萄酒废弃物中营养较丰富。果胶的最佳提取条件为：盐酸浓度0．2mol·L^-1,提取时间50min,料液比1：6,脱色时间20min。在最佳提取条件下,果胶的提取率为8．36％。     

The instability of dietary iodine supply over time in an affluent society

In the Bernese region, where goiter was formerly endemic, alimentary salt has been supplemented by increasing amounts of potassium iodide (KI): 5, 10, 20 mg KI/kg in 1922, 1965 and 1980 respectively. Ioduria rose from <30 g I/g creatinine in 1920 to >100g I/g creatinine in the 1980s. In 1992 ioduria was estimated in 55 healthy volunteers (group A and individual B) and 234 thyroid carcinoma patients after thyroidectomy: hypothyroid patients with (C) and without thyroid remnants (D) and euthyroid patients on T4^** substitution (E). The arithmetic mean iodine excretion of the healthy volunteers in group A and individual B was found to be 87±40 g I/g creatinine. This is insufficient according to the recommendations of the WHO. In all groups, the iodine excretion reached the recommended level only in some members: 24% (A, B), 19% (C), 38% (D) and 81% (E).It was thought in the 1980s that in a formerly iodine-deficient society, iodinated salt would continue to provide an adequate supply of iodine. However, iodine intake in this affluent society has proved to be unstable. This can be attributed to modifications of eating habits, which include a reduction of total salt consumption, combined with a growing consumption of manufactured food of cosmopolitan origin, prepared using salt containing little or no iodine.