蟛蜞菊化学防治研究

利用两种常用的除草剂草甘膦和克无踪对野外及盆栽的蟛蜞菊进行杀灭试验，结果表明：利用克无踪杀灭蟛蜞菊用药量少．见效快．克无踪200倍液对蟛蜞菊有较好的抑制效果，但药效期短，对蟛蜞菊起不到彻底防治的作用；草甘膦药效慢但持久，100倍以上的浓度对蟛蜞菊有较好的控制作用，是防治蟛蜞菊的适合药剂。     

广东外来入侵物种的生态危害与防治对策

对在广东境内出现的部分入侵物种作了简要介绍，分析了物种入侵带来的生态危害和经济损失，入侵物种的生态学特征、入侵途径与扩散机制，提出了相应的防治对策。统计分析表明，目前广东的外来物种数量在全国位居前列，这与广东地处沿海地区、经济贸易频繁有着密切联系。入侵物种具有繁殖力和适应性强等特征，并通过人为有意引种、无意带入或自然力量进行远距离传播扩散。对于外来入侵物种的防治。主要有物理、化学、生物、替代和综合防治等手段，加强立法和提高公众的防范意识是控制外来入侵物种危害的重要途径。     

山东省农业外来植物入侵现状及防治对策分析

就山东省外来植物入侵现状、目前对农业危害较大的入侵植物蔓延的原因以及其危害等进行了分析,并提出了防治的建议。     

厦门湾的物种研究

厦门湾自然海湾湾口从围头到镇海角．对该湾物种的研究已有140多年历史，大致分为3个阶段：达尔文时代至厦门大学建校、厦门大学建校至厦门解放、厦门解放至现在．至今。已记录5713个物种．这些物种多数已无法考证其原产地，其中有26种（类）是近代进入厦门湾的国外外来物种．凡纳滨对虾、眼斑拟石首鱼、欧洲鳗鲡、罗非鱼等外来种已成为厦门湾的重要养殖种或品种．互花米草占据九龙江口养殖滩涂，是外来入侵种．沙饰贝也是吊养的外来入侵种，但养殖业已在变害为利．许多船底污损生物和外轮压舱水及水舱沉积物中的甲藻孢囊，是外来入侵种．对外轮压舱水和沉积物的排放，需严加监管．     

Amphipod crustaceans and environmental disturbance: a review

This review of the literature shows that amphipod crustaceans create disturbance through predation on commercial harvests, attacks on macroalgae, introductions as exotic species, and interference competition. Amphipods are also affected by disturbance events, both man-made and natural. Anthropogenic disturbance includes environmental alteration by toxins, oil, organic enrichment, acidification, salinity alteration, and ships' wakes. Natural disturbances are space clearance by the feeding activities of other fauna, and physical disturbance by sediment erosion and ice scour.     

You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth,Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Crotalaria plants and Utetheisa ornatrix are closely linked to each other: the larvae destroy the seeds, while the moth depends on hostplants for alkaloids. To better understand the ongoing co-evolution, the present study examines how native hostplants compare to exotic ones. Leaf-feeding on Crotalaria pumila, C. rotundifolia, and C. incana, native to the moth’s range, led to faster larval development than on the exotic C. lanceolata, C. spectabilis, and C. pallida. Seed-feeding on all species of Crotalaria led to accelerated larval development and a resultant larger adult moth, and correlates with a higher nitrogen content in the plant tissues. These results add a novel dimension to the previous studies of reproductive biology of this model organism. In controlled settings, mature larvae showed preference for leaves of C. spectabilis over those of other species, perhaps due to the higher alkaloid content. Differences in morphology and phenology of Crotalaria determine the ecology of U. ornatrix populations in Florida. The introduction of novel hostplants, on which U. ornatrix can have a significant negative effect and which are of concern to humans as invasive toxic weeds, has greatly expanded the niche occupied by this moth. Possible co-evolution of Utetheisa sensu lato and plant defences in the genus Crotalaria is discussed.     

Polychaetes (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Aegean and Levantine coasts of Turkey,with descriptions of two new species

In this paper, soft-bottom polychaete species collected in August and September 2011 in the Aegean and Levantine Seas (4–325 m) are presented. A total of 358 species belonging to 48 families were found. Two species, Leonnates aylaoberi sp. nov. and Levinsenia materi sp. nov., are new to science and 14 species are new records for the marine fauna of Turkey. Syllidae and Spionidae were represented by a high number of species. The highest polychaete density was estimated as 5660 ind.m^?2 in the area. The most dominant species in the area were Lumbrineris geldiayi, Owenia fusiformis and Sigambra tentaculata. A total of 21 alien polychaete species were encountered in the area, of which Streblospio gynobranchiata formed a dense population in the Aegean Sea (Izmir Bay), and Prionospio depauperata and Prionospio saccifera in the Levantine Sea. Four hot spot areas for the settlement of alien species were determined in the area.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4ECEC9B2-1604-4768-B152-BBEAE257249F     

湖北省黄石市外来入侵植物的调查及研究

通过长期野外调查和文献资料的整理分析,发现黄石市外来入侵植物主要有48种41属21科。其中恶性杂草1种,区域性恶性杂草8种,常见杂草12种。同时本文对黄石市外来植物的入侵途径、危害作用及防治方法也进行了初步探讨。     

Gene flow from genetically modified herbicide-resistant rapeseed to cruciferous weeds

The sexual compatibility between genetically modified (GM) glyphosate-resistant rapeseed variety Q3 (Brassica napus L.) and 5 cruciferous weeds is studied through the observation of fluorescence microscopy and cross-fertility after manual pollination. The results indicated that Q3 (as male) was highly incompatible with Thlaspi arvense L., Capsella bursa?pastoris (L.) Medic, Cardamine hirsuta L. and Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser (as female). Fluorescence microscopic observation showed that growing of pollen tubes terminated on the stigma surface or at the upper 1/3 part of the style. However, B. juncea×Q3 was compatible, and the compatibility index was 1.65. Under the neighboring growth and natural pollination conditions, the rates of gene flow from Q3 to T. arvense, C. bursa-pastoris, C. hirsute and R. palustris were all 0, while it was 0.86% for B. juncea. These results indicate that there is difference in the rate of gene flow between GM rapeseed and cruciferous wild weeds, and frequency of gene flow is highly correlated with sexual compatibility.     

甘肃省农田杂草区划

根据调查资料,自然条件和各地耕作栽培特点,把我省农田杂草划分成六个草害区。河西灌溉农业草害区主要杂草有藜、野燕麦、田旋花等;陇中黄土丘陵旱作农业草害区主要杂草有猪殃殃、苣荬菜、日本田箭等;洮岷高寒阴湿草害区主要杂草有细穗密花香薷、刺儿菜、萹蓄等;陇南山地农业草害区主要杂草有播娘蒿、繁缕、麦瓶草等;陇东黄土高原旱作草害区主要杂草有雀麦、离子草、狗尾草等。明确了各地主要杂草种类与危害,为制定化学防除策略提供了依据。