福建戴云山自然保护区植被景观斑块特征分析

利用戴云山自然保护区的植被分布图和地形图等,在GIS软件支持下提取植被景观斑块信息,从植被景观组分斑块特征的角度对戴云山自然保护区的植被景观格局及破碎化进行分析.研究结果表明,在戴云山自然保护区中,温性针叶林、常绿阔叶林、暖性针叶林景观是该区的3个主要景观类型;景观组分的面积、周长、斑块数的分布不均衡;各景观组分面积与周长的分布相似,而斑块数的分布却没有明显的规律性.植被景观斑块总体特征分析表明,农地景观的破碎化程度高,而温性针叶林、常绿阔叶林与暖性针叶林景观的破碎化程度低.     

西尼地平的飞行时间质谱裂解规律

利用台式飞行时间质谱的中分辨本领,报道了西尼地平的电子轰击质谱的裂解规律,对裂解途径进行了完全的指认.质谱中发现低丰度的分子离子峰的精确质量为m/z492.190 4(计算值:492.189 7).质谱检测到5个较强碎片离子峰(＞12%)可以作为鉴定西尼地平的特征峰.其中3个对应于不含4-硝基苯基的离子:m/z 370(100%),254(42%)和196(17%).另外两个m/z 117(21%)和115(12%)来自酯基的裂解碎片离子.此外,位于m/z375(2%)和331(2%)的低丰度碎片峰也很重要,它们来自含有4-硝基苯基的离子.这一结果对西尼地平的快速鉴定和药理研究提供了重要的实验依据.     

片断化对常绿阔叶林种类组成的影响

森林片断化可能对植物群落带来不利的影响，该文调查片断化、半岛型和连续常绿阔叶林的五种丰富度和物种组成来衡量片断化的影向。片段化林地比相同面积的连续森林有更高的物种丰富度，物种丰富度最低的是半岛型样地。片断化林地和半岛型林地含有较多的外来种。结果表明，片断大小一物种丰富度有关，同时周围生态系统类型、经历片断化时间也影向物种丰富度和组成。干扰程度较高的半岛型林地中藤本植物很少，反映了林地质量较差，表明藤本植物可能可以作为我国东部人类干扰地区常绿阔叶林保护和管理的指示种。     

再生混凝土技术及其应用

研究了再生混凝土集料的来源与性质,通过掺入适量外加剂,解决了用水量大、干缩率高的问题。将再生混凝土性能与普通混凝土进行比较,体现再生混凝土性能优越、强度稳定及经济效益明显的显著特性。进一步提出设计再生高强混凝土的可行性,讨论再生混凝土的适用范围,结论表明,该技术完全可以在实际工程中得到广泛应用。     

正则纯整群带的同余格

利用正则半纯整群带上同余的同余组刻划，分别用图以及生成集和生成关系这两种方法，确定了正则纯整数带的两个重要的同余子格。     

砂岩级配料开采爆破块度预报与爆破参数优化研究

通过张河湾抽水蓄能电站上水库面板堆石坝级配料开采爆破试验对Kuz-Ram爆破块度预报经验模型进行修正,建立了适合张河湾蓄能电站级配料开采的爆破块度分布模型,通过对爆破块度级配与爆破参数的相关分析,提出了砂岩级配料开采的优化爆破参数.     

ARFIMA approximation and forecasting of the limiting aggregate structure of long‐memory process

This article studies Man and Tiao's (2006) low‐order autoregressive fractionally integrated moving‐average (ARFIMA) approximation to Tsai and Chan's (2005b) limiting aggregate structure of the long‐memory process. In matching the autocorrelations, we demonstrate that the approximation works well, especially for larger d values. In computing autocorrelations over long lags for larger d value, using the exact formula one might encounter numerical problems. The use of the ARFIMA(0, d, d?₁) model provides a useful alternative to compute the autocorrelations as a really close approximation. In forecasting future aggregates, we demonstrate the close performance of using the ARFIMA(0, d, d?₁) model and the exact aggregate structure. In practice, this provides a justification for the use of a low‐order ARFIMA model in predicting future aggregates of long‐memory process. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

土地整理对区域景观格局的影响——以湖北省安陆市辛榨乡基本农田整理项目为例

土地整理是区域景观变化的主要驱动力之一,其生态影响可以通过景观格局的变化表现出来．结合国家投资基本农田整理项目的空间数据与属性数据。选取景观单元特征指数、景观多样性指数、景观破碎化指数等三大类指数与9小类指标,在AutoCAD与MapGIS平台上提取与处理空间数据和属性数据。并计算出各指标量整理前后的变化．结果表明：土地整理后斑块密度指数减少,景观多样性指数降低,破碎度指数减小,水田的优势度增高且更具有连通性,景观异质程度下降,景观类型有向单一化和非均衡化方向发展的趋势。景观中各类型斑块在空间上的分布也出现非均衡化．     

煤焦膨胀特性与残灰颗粒物的形成

研究了煤焦的膨胀特性及其对1~5μm残灰颗粒物生成的影响.将一种烟煤筛分为小于63μm,[63~100)μm和[100~200)μm三种粒径,并在实验室沉降炉中进行了热解和燃烧实验,反应温度分别为1 373 K,1 523 K和1 673 K.利用激光粒度分析仪和扫描电子显微镜等对热解和燃烧产物进行了分析.研究结果表明,该种烟煤由于含有较高的镜质组成分,在热解过程中表现出明显的膨胀特性,而且煤粉粒径越小,其镜质组含量越高,因此在热解过程中膨胀越厉害,形成的煤胞型颗粒越多.膨胀厉害的煤焦在燃烧过程中很容易发生破碎,形成更多的1~5μm残灰颗粒物.     

Unobserved components in ARCH models: An application to seasonal adjustment

The paper deals with unobserved components in ARIMA models with GARCH errors, in the context of an actual application, namely seasonal adjustment of the monthly Spanish money supply series. The series shows clear evidence of (moderate) non-linearity, which does not disappear with simple outlier correction. The GARCH structure explains reasonably well the non-linearity, and this explanation is robust with respect to the GARCH specification. We look at the time variation of the standard error of the adjusted series estimator and show how it can be measured. Next, we look at the implications this variation has on short-term monetary control. The non-linearity seems to have a small effect in practice. It is further seen that the conditional variance of the GARCH process may, in turn, be decomposed into components. In fact, the conditional variance of the money supply series is the sum of a weak linear trend, a strong non-linear seasonal component, and a moderate non-linear irregular component. This information has policy implications: for example, there are periods in the year when policy can be more assertive because information is more precise. Finally, looking at the non-linear components of the money supply it is seen how linear combinations of non-linear series can produce series that behave linearly.