园养野生动物寄生虫重复感染原因的调查

文章从1997年-2004年连续八年对太原动物园饲养的野生动物寄生虫重复感染情况进行调查分析，结果表明猫科动物中的狮、虎、豹，熊科的黑熊、棕熊，犬科的狼对蛔虫重复感染率最高；猕猴科动物中各种猴类及狒狒鞭虫重复感染率较高；牛科（扭角羚例外）、驼科、马科动物对血予线虫和毛圊线虫重复感染率均高；禽类则以球虫、组织滴虫重复出现感染率较高。     

Two new genera of Tantulocarida (Crustacea) infesting asellote isopods and siphonostomatoid copepods from western Japan

Two new species representing new genera of tantulocaridans are described from western Japan. Paradoryphallophora inusitata n.g., n.sp. is parasitic on deep-sea asellote isopods and belongs in the family Doryphallophoridae. It differs from the type genus Doryphallophora in the form of the abdomen and thoracopods of the adult male, and in the stylet and the pore pattern on the dorsal cephalic shield of the tantulus larvae. Hypertantulus siphonicola n.g., n.sp. infests shallow-water siphonostomatoid copepods and is assigned to the family Basipodellidae on the basis of the pattern of thoracic tergite separation of the male trunk sac. A developing sexual female is described, only the second known from the Tantulocarida. This is the first record of tantulocaridans on a representative of the copepod order Siphonostomatoida and the first case of presumed hyperparasitism recorded in the group.     

法律责任视野下的高校学生非正常死亡事件处理研究

高校学生非正常死亡事件的处理不仅关系到高校和学生家庭的利益,也会造成一定的社会效应,是构建“和谐社会”和建立“平安校园”的题中应有之义。从高校学生非正常死亡的概念界定出发,以民事法律的“侵权——救济”原则为指导,厘清高校学生非正常死亡事件中的法律关系,进而明确责任主体,尝试建立、完善赔偿委员会制度和法律代理人制度,普及学生意外伤害保险,设立学生伤害责任保险制度,构建科学、合理的高校学生非正常死亡的理性处理机制。     

Parasite fauna of the grey mullet Mugil cephalus L. 1758, and its relationship with some ecological factors in Lower Kızılırmak Delta located by the Black Sea,Turkey

Parasites of the grey mullet Mugil cephalus collected from Lower K?z?l?rmak Delta in Turkey were investigated. Trichodina puytoraci, Trichodina lepsii, Ligophorus mediterraneus, Ligophorus cephali, Gyrodactylus sp., Microcotyle mugilis, Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa, Haplosplanchnus pachysomus, Diplostomum spathaceum, Tylodelphys clavata, Posthodiplostomum sp., Neoechinorhyncus agilis and Ergasilus lizae were identified. Overall infection prevalence (%), mean intensity and mean abundance values were 99.61%, 458.10 ± 75.72 and 456.30 ± 75.44, respectively. Infection indices of parasite species in relation to season, lakes/lagoons and some physicochemical parameters of water such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and nitrate are determined and discussed. Posthodiplostomum sp. is a new parasite record for mugilids and Diplostomum spathaceum is the first record in M. cephalus, in the present study. Moreover, Ligophorus mediterraneus, Ligophorus cephali and Ergasilus lizae are new records for Turkish parasite fauna of fish and Mugil cephalus is a new host record for Neoechinorhyncus agilis in Turkey.     

Marine protozoan epibionts on the copepod Lepeophtheirus salmonis,parasite of the Atlantic salmon

Two species of ciliate suctorian protozoa belonging to the genus Ephelota, E. gemmipara and E. gigantea, were found as epibionts on the marine copepod Lepeophtheirus salmonis (salmon louse), an ectoparasite of marine salmonid fish, including the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Epibionts were distributed over the cephalothoracic shield, genital segment, abdomen and caudal branches of the copepods. Individuals from both species possessed two types of tentacles: long, prehensile, pointed tentacles and short, adhesive, capitate feeding tentacles. Both species contained a highly ramified and lobated macronucleus. E. gemmipara showed a rounded cellular body attached to a stalk possessing longitudinal and transversal striations but lacking a suprastylar extension. E. gigantea had an umbrella‐shaped cellular body significantly larger than in E. gemmipara, the stalk showing only longitudinal striations but possessing a conspicuous suprastylar extension. This is the first time that the presence of ciliate epibionts has been recorded at species level on the copepod Lepeophtheirus salmonis. Statistical data about the distribution of both species on the surface of the copepod are detailed and a new geographical distribution for E. gigantea is proposed.     

重视人兽共患寄生虫病的研究

据统计，有60％的人类病原体来自动物，80％的动物病原体为多宿主型，75％的新发传染病是人兽共患病，80％用于生物恐怖的病原体是人兽共患病病原体。目前，全世界已证实的人兽共患病有250多种，中国约有90多种。人兽共患病不仅给畜牧业造成巨大经济损失，同时给人类带来极大危害，严重时还造成社会经济动荡。如果动物传染源未能得到有效控制，就不能确保人类的安全。寄生虫是危害人畜健康的3大主要病原生物（病毒、细菌和寄生虫）之一。在众多的人兽共患传染病中，67％的病原是寄生虫。寄生虫病的流行不但危害人畜健康、制约局部地区的经济发展，还影响国家和民族的整体形象。虽然建国以来我国在寄生虫病防治方面进行了大量的工作，但目前我国仍是各种寄生虫病流行和危害非常严重的国家。经食物和媒介传播的人兽共患寄生虫病没有得到有效的控制，在局部地区还不断地蔓延。本文就人兽共患寄生虫病的危害、流行及防治措施做一综述，并提出了控制人兽共患寄生虫病的一些见解。     

茶苗根结线虫的季节动态观察

研究了茶苗南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incoguita)虫口密度的季节消长规律和在不同深度根系中的分布,以及茶圃杂草作为其保虫寄主的感染情况。感染率10～12月最高,8月最低,平均感染强度10月最高,7月最低;从上到下在第10～15 cm处雌虫最多,第20～25 cm侵袭期幼虫最多;10种杂草感染该虫种。虫口密度随月积温的上升而上升,而雄性比则随月总雨量的升高而下降。     

误差计算对于实验的指导意义

本文通过对几个实验题目的误差估算和分析,寻求减小实验误差的途径,从而说明误差计算和分析对于实验的指导意义。     

空间同位素热源故障再入极端环境条件分析

空间核动力源是支撑人类探索宇宙空间的关键技术,但安全问题始终是空间核动力源设计和应用的重要部分。文章以我国未来月球探测任务为背景,针对可能发生的典型的事故场景,建立三自由度动力学模型,并引入基于化学非平衡方程、完全气体方程的计算流体力学方法,开展空间同位素热源故障再入情况下的极端环境条件分析,分析空间同位素热源故障再入情况下气动力/热环境、海平面高度飞行速度和弹道倾角等极端环境条件。研究结果表明：同位素热源阻力系数为1.6左右,无量纲纵向压心系数约为0.5,再入过程0攻角驻点热流密度峰值约为8.1 MW/m²,总加热量约为101.55 MJ/m²;从80 km开始经178.3 s到达海平面高度,此时同位素热源的飞行速度为86.5 m/s,弹道倾角为-89.9°。     

寄生虫与宿主的相互作用

通过对寄生虫与宿主的相互关系及影响因素进行研究,以有效地控制寄生虫病的发生.结果:不同种类的寄生虫具有不同的亲和性,可在机体的不同脏器或组织寄生.当有两种或两种以上的寄生虫感染时,它们通过相互协同或相互拮抗,共同参与寄生虫抗宿主反应,引起机械性损伤、营养不良、变态反应等.同时,机体对入侵的寄生虫产生一系列免疫反应,及时清除入侵的寄生虫,并具有抵抗再感染的能力,或形成免疫耐受.