NEW OBSERVATIONS OF THE LOBOPOD-LIKE WORM FACIVERMIS FROM THE EARLY CAMBRIAN CHENGJIANG LAGERSTTTE

THE EARLY CAMBRIAN CHENGJIANG LAGERST?TTE HAS BEEN CELEBRATED FOR ITS EXCELLENTLY PRESERVED SOFT-BODIED FOSSILS, WHICH ARE SIGNIFICANT FOR UNDER- STANDING THE EVOLUTION OF METAZOANS. ONE OF THE RARE WORM-LIKE FOSSILS, FACIVERMIS YUNNANICUS[1], WHICH HAS5 …     

艇桨及外挂吊舱之间水动力性能干扰分析

基于CFD技术,采用RNGk-ε湍流模型及混合网格技术,数值模拟了某潜器孤立艇体、孤立螺旋桨、艇体吊舱模型、艇桨模型以及艇桨吊舱模型的水动力性能.分析了艇体、螺旋桨以及吊舱之间的相互干扰.计算结果显示:吊舱对艇体阻力和螺旋桨推力干扰较小;直航时,由于吊舱的存在,艇体吊舱模型产生了纵倾力矩以及升力,艇体阻力略有减小;艇桨干扰对艇体表面压力分布影响较大,以1.5m/s匀速航行时,由于螺旋桨的存在,艇桨模型中艇体总阻力增加18.03%,艇桨吊舱模型中潜器(艇体和吊舱)总阻力增加17.63%.     

输入成型在卫星喷气姿态机动控制中的应用

针对空间飞行器常带有大型挠性附件,而挠性附件的振动往往使控制系统性能变差的问题,提出了一种能有效抑制系统残留振动的姿态机动控制策略,即机动控制内环结合前置补偿结构.控制内环为由姿态控制执行机构(PWPF modulator)、控制器(PD controller)构成的挠性卫星姿态闭环系统,前置补偿器采用多模态输入成型器.内环用于保证主刚体的期望转动,输入成型器则用于抑制系统的残留振动.仿真结果表明:在卫星姿态满足期望指向的前提下,基于Pade′拟合设计的多模态成型器更短,对于系统的参数摄动也具有一定的鲁棒性.该控制策略改善了姿态机动控制系统的过渡过程.     

Phylogeny and life habits of Early Arthropods-Predation in the Early Cambrian Sea

We investigated two new arthropods from the Maotianshan-Shale fauna of southern China in the course of our research on life strategies, particularly predation, in Early Cambrian marine macrofaunal biota. One form clearly belongs to the so-called "great-appendage" arthropods, animals that were, most likely, active predators catching prey with their first pair of large, specialized frontoventral appendages. Based on this, we hypothesize that the new species and many others, if not all, of the "great-appendage" arthropods were derivatives of the chelicerate stem lineage and not forms having branched off at different nodes along the evolutionary lineage of the Arthropoda. Rather, we consider the "great-appendage" arthropods as belonging to a monophyletic clade, which modified autapomorphically their first pair of appendages (antennae in general arthropod terminology) into raptorial organs for food capture. The second new form resembles another Maotianshan-Shale arthropod, Fuxianhuia protensa, in sharing a head made of only two separate segments, a small segment bearing oval eyes laterally, and another bearing a large tergite, which forms a wide shield freely overhanging the subsequent narrow trunk segments. This segment bears a single pair of rather short anteriorly directed uniramous appendages, considered as the "still" limb-shaped antennae. Particularly the evolutionary status of head and limbs of these two forms suggests that both are representatives of the early part of the stem lineage toward the crown-group of Arthropoda, the Euarthropoda. These forms appear rather unspecialized, but may have been but simple predators. This adds to our hypothesis that predation was a common, if not dominant feeding strategy in the Cambrian, at least for arthropods.     

正常人皮肤深Ⅱ度烫伤动物模型的建立

利用正常人皮肤裸鼠移植模型,建立一种深Ⅱ度烫伤动物模型.首先将正常人全厚皮肤移植于裸鼠背部,待皮片完全成活后,用高压蒸气消毒锅及自制蒸气烫伤装置,以压力0.12 MPa、直径1.5 cm 在裸鼠背部植皮区作用8 s,分别于伤后24 h、2、4、6周取标本行组织学观察,观察毛囊、汗腺等皮肤附件的损伤程度、创面愈合时间及被毛生长等情况.结果表明,正常人全厚皮肤于移植后2周完全成活,具有正常的组织结构;高压蒸气作用8 s,可造成所移植皮肤组织的深Ⅱ度烫伤,创面于伤后3周愈合,6周后有少量被毛生长.该模型可成功复制正常人皮肤深Ⅱ度烫伤创面,为研究创面愈合过程中皮肤附件的病理变化提供了实验工具.     

New observations of the lobopod-like worm Facivermis from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagersttte

Facivermis yunnanicus （Hou ＆ Chen, 1989）, from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstatte, a worm-like fossil with 5 pairs of tentacles and a perceived shrunken end, has been regarded as related to polychaetes, later it has been variously interpreted as Iobopods, Pentastoma and Iophophorates. Newly discovered complete specimens by the ELI field team show that the taxon has, in addition to the 5 pairs of appendages, a pear-shaped trunk end bearing two or three circles of hooks. Accordingly based on these important morphological characters, reconsideration of its affinities is provided and the taxonomy is remedied herein. Because the five pairs of appendages of Facivermis yunnanicus resemble the appendages of the fore-trunk of Iobopod Miraluolishania （Liu ＆ Shu, 2004）, it seems that they are homologous structures. Therefore, the affinities of Facivermis are regarded here as being close to the Iobopods, in addition, the lobe-like appendages of Facivermis are very crucial to exploring the origin of the appendages of Iobopods and arthropods.     

带挠性轴太阳帆板充液航天器流—弹—刚耦合动力学研究

本文研究了带挠性轴太阳帆板充液航天器流-弹-固耦合动力学问题,首先由系统对质心的动量矩定理导出了系统动力学方程,接着分析了航天器贮箱内液体涡旋运动、太阳帆板挠性轴扭转运动,最后给出了航天器姿态角速率与液体涡旋运动、挠性轴扭转运动的关系式,给出了数值结果,分析了液体涡旋运动、挠性轴扭转运动对航天器姿态运动的影响。     

航天器对接过程的动力学建模

航天器对接过程的动力学建模是对接过程动力学仿真的核心内容,该文在描述航天器对接过程的基础上,牛顿－欧拉定理和混合价值 标法对带有大型太阳电池阵的两航天器的对接过程进行动力学建模,建模中将对接系统简化为由追踪飞行器、目标飞行器和主动对接机构组成的三体系统,追踪飞行器和目标飞行器作为带有挠性附件的中心刚体考虑,主动对接机构作为刚性体处理,对于挠性附件用有限元法进行离散。除给出接触撞击模型外,还重点讨论缓冲系统的简化模型,从而构成了对接过程的完整的动力学模型,为对接过程的动力学仿真打下基础。