茂汶韧性断裂带(耿达—汶川段)的基本特征

茂汶断裂耿达—汶川段主要发育于以花岗岩为主的前寒武系彭灌杂岩体中，韧性变形特征十分明显，在龙门山主干断裂带中具有重要地位。研究表明它是一个由多条断层组成的一个构造应变强化地带，也是一个具多期活动性的破裂带。它是龙门山区发育最早、规模最大的断裂之一。文章还对其形成的构造物理条件和构造意义等进行了讨论     

藏南特提斯晚三叠世海岸风成沙丘的发现及其意义

通过近年来的研究,首次在聂拉木县土隆村上三叠统德日荣组中发现了海岸风成沙丘沉积。其风成证据有:(1)普遍具风成大型交错层理,倾角达20°～30°且倾向均一,交错纹层向上变薄,具反粒序,与下伏界面相切,层间界面多为高波痕指数(>15)波状风蚀起伏面。(2)见沙丘夹丘间沉积的基本层序。沙丘沉积单层厚2～6m,呈块状,结构松散。丘间沉积较薄,有时为透镜体,多为水道沉积,有些为具反粒序的风成沙席沉积。(3)沙丘砂由分选、磨圆好的石英砂组成,含量大于95%,具单众数粒度分布,无悬移质。(4)见角砾化前积层、牵引褶曲、倒转褶曲等常见的风成沙丘同沉积变形构造。(5)具有与水成砂岩完全不同的胶结特征。海岸风成沙丘的存在准确地标定了特提斯南岸的古海岸线位置、丰富了研究区的沉积类型,无疑对特提斯海的层序划分、海平面变化及其古地理演化研究具有一定意义。     

滇西晚古生代以来的构造演化

滇西晚古生代以来的构造演化与特提斯演化密切相关。泥盆纪—石炭纪,伴随古特提斯洋开启,扬子大陆边缘发生裂解,兰坪—思茅地块、保山地块等相继形成独立地块,其间被哀牢山洋、昌宁—孟连洋分隔。晚二叠世,古特提斯洋关闭,滇西发生造山作用,其间在李仙江和澜沧江一带曾出现过火山岛弧。中三叠世,伴随中特提斯洋开启,地壳拉张裂陷,兰坪—思茅盆地开始形成。晚三叠世末—早侏罗世,中特提斯关闭,本区再次发生造山作用,造成下侏罗统缺失、从中侏罗世开始,由于新特提斯洋开启,地壳再次下沉接受沉积。喜马拉雅造山运动使新特提斯洋关闭,本区地壳大面积隆升,并在早期左行、晚期右行走滑断裂的影响下,形成一系列的走滑拉分盆地。晚古生代以来本区构造时开时合,整体显示手风琴式的演化特征。     

Characteristics of Early Eocene radiolarian assemblases of the Sasa area, southern Tibet and their constraint on the closure history of the Tethys

Quantitative analysis of Early Eocene radiolarian assemblages discovered in the sedimentary melange （accretionary prism） of the Saga area, southern Tibet provides new information to constrain the timing of Tethys closure and the initial collision of India and Eurasia. The radiolarian species of Saga include Amphisphaera coronata （Ehrenberg）, Buryella hannae Bak ＆ Barwicz-Piskorz, Buryella clinata Foreman, Buryella tetradica Foreman, Calocycloma ampulla （Ehrenberg）, Lamptonium fabaeforme constrictum Riedel and Sanfilippo, Lamptonium pennatum Foreman, Lithomespilus coronatus Squinabol and Lamptonium （？） colymbus Foreman. The adequate and reliable correlation of these radiolarians specimens indicates that the assemblage is of Early Eocene in age. The age and depositional environment of these radiolarians testify that deep ocean basins existed between India Plate and Asia Plate during the Early Eocene. The complete closure of Tethys must have taken place at least after the Early Eocene.     

西藏日土白垩纪酸性侵入岩年代学及地球化学特征——对班公湖-怒江中特提斯洋盆闭合时限的制约

以西藏日土县北东地区的小型酸性侵入体为研究对象,结合岩石地球化学分析及锆石年龄测试,探讨岩石的成因类型及构造环境,确定班公湖-怒江中特提斯洋盆闭合的时限。研究区酸性岩体的岩性为黑云二长花岗岩,其主要组分的质量分数分别是:SiO_2为63.89%~77.49%,全碱(K_2O+Na_2O)为8.06%~8.95%,全铁(FeOT)为0.48%~4.37%,Al_2O_3为12.43%~16.17%;大离子亲石元素中Rb、Th、U、K明显富集,但Ba、Sr明显亏损;高场强元素中Nb、Ta、P、Ti明显亏损,而Zr、Hf相对富集;轻稀土元素相对富集、重稀土元素相对亏损,负Eu异常明显(δEu=0.09~0.67,平均为0.47),球粒原始标准化分布模式为向右缓倾的V型,属于A型花岗岩。其LA-ICP-MS锆石206Pb/238 U年龄加权平均值为(117.8±1.2)Ma,属于中生代早白垩世中期。从岩石碰撞后A1型花岗岩特征推测,班公湖-怒江中特提斯洋盆在日土地区的闭合时间应在早白垩世中期。     

兰坪-思茅盆地原型的性质及演化

兰坪—思茅中生代盆地发育于滇西古特提斯多岛洋构造格局基础之上,其形成演化与特提斯—三江造山带的构造演化密切相关.对盆地形成早期火山岩和盆地不同时代砂岩的构造地球化学分析表明,兰坪—思茅中生代盆地的原型主要具有大陆边缘裂谷盆地的性质.其演化经历多阶段复杂的演化历程,中三叠世,伴随中特提斯洋开启,地壳拉张裂陷,兰坪—思茅中生代盆地原型开始形成.晚三叠世末—早侏罗世,由于受中特提斯关闭引起的造山运动的影响,下侏罗统普遍缺失.从中侏罗世开始,由于新特提斯洋开启,盆地再次下沉接受中侏罗统—白垩系的沉积.喜马拉雅造山运动,使本区地壳大面积隆升,兰坪—思茅盆地原型遭受强烈变形,继而在中生代裂谷盆地基础上叠加了新生代的拉分盆地.构造演化控制了盆地沉降作用、沉积作用、火成活动和构造格架.     

Tectonic evolution of Tethyan tectonic field, formation of Northern Margin basin and explorative perspective of natural gas in Tarim Basin

 Analyzing the characteristics of the Tethyantectonic field, the authors think that the Tethyan tectonicfield underwent three evolutional stages: closing of Pa-leo-Tethys and rifting of Neo-Tethys from early Permian tolate Triassic, subduction of Neo-Tethys and collision betweenthe Indian plate and the Eurasia plate from Jurassic to earlyof low Tertiary, and collision between the Arab plate and theEurasia plate and the A-type subduction of Indian plate fromlate of low Tertiary to the present. Combining the evolutionof the Tethyan orogenic belt with the characteristics of theNorthern Margin basin, it is suggested that the sedimentaryand tectonic characteristics and types of the Northern Mar-gin basin are controlled by the formation and evolution ofthe Tethyan orogenic belt and the ingression of Tethys. Theevolution of Northern Margin basin can be divided into threedevelopment stages: back-arc foreland basin from late Per-mian to Triassic, the back-arc fault subsidence and depres-sion from Jurassic to the early of low Tertiary, and the reac-tive foreland basin from the late of low Tertiary to the pre-sent. The Northern Margin basin in the Tethyan tectonicfield is an important region for natural gas accumulation,and the Tarim Basin is a part of this region.     

Locating seismic scatterers at the base of the mantle beneath eastern Tibet with PKIKP precursors

Clear PKIKP precursors were observed from the Lanzhou CTBTO seismic array.We measured their incident angles,arriving azimuths and differential travel times with respect to the PKIKP arrivals using array analysis techniques.These measurements allowed us to locate the scatterers that generated the observed precursors.We found that the scatterers are located in the lowermost mantle beneath eastern Tibet,which is featured by a high-velocity anomaly based on previous tomographic studies.The high velocity anomaly...     

古地磁与西藏板块及特提斯的演化

利用西藏新的古地磁资料,研究了西藏三个地块的漂移和特提斯的演化、三个地块在晚古生代是冈瓦纳古陆的一部分,其北侧存在着古特提斯大洋,可可西里-金沙江断裂是它的消亡场所。中生代,冈瓦纳古陆分裂,羌塘、冈底斯等地块依次向北漂移,北大陆增生。漂移过程中,早、晚期中特提斯诞生和消亡,班公湖-怒江断裂带,雅鲁藏布江断裂带是它们消亡的场所。     

Eclogites in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau and their geodynamic implications

Eclogites have been recently reported in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau, including in the central Qiangtang metamorphic belt, in the Basu metamorphic massif of the eastern Bangong-Nujiang suture zone, and at Songdo and Pengco in the eastern Lhasa terrane. Some typical ultrahigh-pressure （UHP） metamorphic phenomena, e.g., garnet exsolution from clinopyroxene, were documented in the Basu and Pengco eclogites. The UHP metamorphism in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau marked by these eclogites generally took place in the Early Mesozoic. Along with exhumation of these eclogites, （post-） collision-related magmatism extensively occurred around the central Qiangtang belt, the eastern Bangong-Nujiang suture zone, and the eastern Lhasa terrane. The occurrence of these Early Mesozoic eclogites manifests an out-of-sequence evolution of the Tethys, and they could be a product of diachronous collision between the eastern Qiangtang terrane and the irregular continental margin of the united western Qiangtang-Lhasa plate, along the linked eastern Bangong-Nujiang-central Qiangtang zone. The collision-related magmatic rocks could have been originated from lithospheric thickening, melting, or detachment due to the collision. The presence of UHP metamorphic rocks in central Qiangtang and Basu implies likely continental deep-subduction, and the denudation of these two metamorphic zones could have served as the source of the Triassic turbidites in the Songpan-Garze complex and the Jurassic turbidites in the western Bangong-Nujiang zone, respectively. However, studies of the eclogites in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau just began, and many principal aspects still remain to be explored, such as their distributions, typical lithologies and minerals, temperature-pressure conditions, timing of formation and exhumation, protoliths and tectonic setting, and relationship with the evolution of the Tethys and large-scale basins in Tibet.