State of the art for dry tree semi technologies

Dry tree semi is a fast developing technology and becomes more and more appealing to the operators as a solution for producing deepwater reserves. Utilizing a dry tree semi means spending less cost on well mainte-nance and interventions,while the production platform can be integrated and commissioned at quayside. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of various technologies for dry tree semi,such as E-semi,T-semi,paired-column semi and long stroke tensioners. Each dry tree semi concept is briefed in terms of global performance,top tension riser (TTR) tensioner system,quayside integration and feasibility to environment.     

Preparation of the selenomethionine derivative of tabtoxin resistance protein

In order to obtain phase information for the X-ray diffraction of tabtoxin resistance protein (TTR) crystal using the MAD phasing method, a selenomethionine (Se-Met) derivative of TTR was overexpressed in E. coli strain M15, with pQE-30 plasmid, through IPTG induction in M9 medium containing Se-Met. The product was purified to an estimated homogeneity of greater than 95% according to SDS-PAGE, by a Ni-NTA metal affinity followed by a Mono Q anion exchange column chromatography. The successful substitution of Se-Met for methionine (Met) was confirmed by MALDI-TOF and ESI-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry analysis. The derivative crystal was obtained using similar conditions as those for the native.     

Production TTR modeling and dynamic buckling analysis

In a typical tension leg platform (TLP) design,the top tension factor (TTF),measuring the top tension of a top tensioned riser (TTR) relative to its submerged weight in water,is one of the most important design parameters that has to be specified properly. While a very small TTF may lead to excessive vortex induced vibration (VIV),clashing issues and possible compression close to seafloor,an unnecessarily high TTF may translate into excessive riser cost and vessel payload,and even has impacts on the TLP sizing and design in general. In the process of a production TTR design,it is found that its outer casing can be subjected to compression in a worst-case scenario with some extreme metocean and hardware conditions. The present paper shows how finite element analysis (FEA) models using beam elements and two different software packages (Flexcom and ABAQUS) are constructed to simulate the TTR properly,and especially the pipe-in-pipe effects. An ABAQUS model with hybrid elements (beam elements globally + shell elements locally) can be used to investigate how the outer casing behaves under compression. It is shown for the specified TTR design,even with its outer casing being under some local compression in the worst-case scenario,dynamic buckling would not occur;therefore the TTR design is adequate.     

半挂汽车TTR预警及防侧翻控制

为及时提醒驾驶员半挂汽车的侧翻危险状态并对车辆的侧翻危险状态进行控制,以TruckSim中的半挂汽车作为真实车辆,考虑汽车运行过程中的过程噪声以及量测噪声,利用Kalman滤波技术实时估计半挂汽车的运行状态。以车辆的横向载荷转移率为侧翻指标,建立了基于模型预测的TTR(time-to-rollover)侧翻预警算法,并结合最优控制算法,制定了基于TTR侧翻预警的防侧翻控制策略。通过仿真分析,此控制策略可以有效提醒驾驶员半挂汽车的侧翻危险状况,并有效控制半挂汽车的侧翻危险状态,防止侧翻危险的发生。