国外关于情绪的认知关系研究的新进展

情绪与认知的关系历来是认知心理学研究的重要课题，在情绪的产生中是否需要以认知为中介，不同的学者对此提出了不同的观点，新近提出的MEM理论较好的解决了这种分歧。关于情绪状态对认知的影响的研究主要集中在记忆领域，基本上是沿两条路线展开的：一是心境一致记忆，另一是心境依存记忆。     

Modeling the MHC class I pathway by combining predictions of proteasomal cleavage,TAP transport and MHC class I binding

Epitopes presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules are selected by a multi-step process. Here we present the first computational prediction of this process based on in vitro experiments characterizing proteasomal cleavage, transport by the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) and MHC class I binding. Our novel prediction method for proteasomal cleavages outperforms existing methods when tested on in vitro cleavage data. The analysis of our predictions for a new dataset consisting of 390 endogenously processed MHC class I ligands from cells with known proteasome composition shows that the immunological advantage of switching from constitutive to immunoproteasomes is mainly to suppress the creation of peptides in the cytosol that TAP cannot transport. Furthermore, we show that proteasomes are unlikely to generate MHC class I ligands with a C-terminal lysine residue, suggesting processing of these ligands by a different protease that may be tripeptidyl-peptidase II (TPPII).Received 26 November 2004; received after revision 4 February 2005; accepted 4 March 2005S. Tenzer and B. Peters contributed equally to this work.     

The macromolecular peptide-loading complex in MHC class I-dependent antigen presentation

A challenging task for the adaptive immune system of vertebrates is to identify and eliminate intracellular antigens. Therefore a highly specialized antigen presentation machinery has evolved to display fragments of newly synthesized proteins to effector cells of the immune system at the cell surface. After proteasomal degradation of unwanted proteins or defective ribosome products, resulting peptides are translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum by the transporter associated with antigen processing and loaded onto major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Peptide-MHC I complexes are transported via the secretory pathway to the cell surface where they are then inspected by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which can trigger an immune response. This review summarizes the current view of the intracellular machinery of antigen processing and of viral immune escape mechanisms to circumvent destruction by the host. Received 4 October 2005; received after revision 19 November 2005; accepted 24 November 2005     

抗原处理相关转运体( TAP) 的结构和功能研究进展

摘要: 抗原处理相关转运体( TAP) 属于 ABC( ATP-binding cassette) 转运体超家族的 B 亚家族,是由主要组织相容性 复合体( Major histocompatibility complex ,MHC) 上 2 个紧密连锁的基因 TAP1 和 TAP2 编码蛋白组成的异二聚体,位 于内质网和顺式高尔基膜上,功能是将抗原肽从细胞质转运进入内质网池,组装到 MHC I 类分子上构成复合体。 TAP 蛋白的缺乏和突变会影响抗原肽的提呈,最终损害免疫应答功能。     

2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶的合成与表征

2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶(DADNP)是一种非常重要的有机化合物,利用DADNP合成2,3,5,6-四氨基吡啶(TAP)是一个非常重要的有机反应,TAP是合成有机高分子化合物的一种重要单体,特别是在合成聚[2,5-二羟基-1,4-苯撑吡啶并双咪唑](PIPD)高分子化合物方面.DADNP的合成效果直接影响着TAP的纯度和产率以及PIPD高分子化合物的聚合工艺和产品性能.本文以大量的实验事实,提出了几种以2,6-二氨基吡啶(DAP)为原料合成DADNP的方法,总结出了几种切实可行的DADNP的合成方法,为高分子化合物PIPD的聚合工艺提供了强有力的单体保证和技术支撑.     

MHC单倍体型无特定病原体鸭的培育

目的 培育MHC单倍型无特定病原体单倍型鸭。方法 以国家禽类实验动物种子中心培育并保存的无特定病原体(SPF)麻鸭为基础,根据位于主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)核心区域的鸭抗原处理相关转运体分子(TAP)双拷贝基因(Tap1和Tap2)的多态性,分别利用Tap1基因组短串联重复序列(STR)、TAP2的肽结合区序列以及Tap2全基因组序列的基因型分型,连续选育主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)单倍型SPF鸭。结果 F0代和F1代鸭的STR结果完全一致;F2和F3代鸭的Tap1和Tap2基因组序列完全纯合。连续6个世代的Tap2基因组序列分析,B3群鸭有2个位点发生突变,B1、B2和B4遗传学稳定。结论 成功建立了4个MHC单倍体型SPF鸭群B1、B2、B3和B4,为深入开展鸭的免疫遗传学研究提供了实验动物支撑条件。     

Friedrich Miescher Prize awardee lecture review. A conserved family of nuclear export receptors mediates the exit of messenger RNA to the cytoplasm

The distinguishing feature of eukaryotic cells is the segregation of RNA biogenesis and DNA replication in the nucleus, separate from the cytoplasmic machinery for protein synthesis. As a consequence, messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and all cytoplasmic RNAs from nuclear origin need to be transported from their site of synthesis in the nucleus to their final cytoplasmic destination. Nuclear export occurs through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) and is mediated by saturable transport receptors, which shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The past years have seen great progress in the characterization of the mRNA export pathway and the identification of proteins involved in this process. A novel family of nuclear export receptors (the NXF family), distinct from the well-characterized family of importin β-like proteins, has been implicated in the export of mRNA to the cytoplasm. Received 23 January 2001; received after revision 12 April 2001; accepted 12 April 2001     

基于IEEE Std 1149.1-2001标准的TAP控制器设计

在边界扫描协议的实现过程中,TAP控制器的地位比较突出,是非常重要的一块.本文从协议要求出发,使用Verilog-XL对TAP控制器进行逻辑仿真,并用Design Comp iler进行逻辑综合,得到了符合要求的电路.基于IP设计技术,给本电路增加了扫描链,可以作为一个IP软核应用于集成电路的可测试性设计.     

氧对氨在Pt/α-Al2O3催化剂上吸附和解离性能的影响

利用瞬态脉冲技术考察了氨在Pt／Al2O3催化剂表面的吸附、脱附和氧化动力学．结果表明，氨在Pt/Al2O3表面存在两种吸附态：可逆吸附和不可逆吸附．吸附在催化剂表面的氧和体相中的氧促进了氨的分解和氧化．不同的氧物种和反应温度影响产物的分布．体相晶格氧物种是可能形成水的重要因素，而表面氧物种是氯氧化物NO、N2O形成的主要来源．在氧存在的条件下低温有利于氨分解形成N2、N2O，而高温有利于NO的生成．     

对接籽晶法生长鄰苯二甲酸氢铊单晶体

本文介绍了一种按晶体点阵匹配的原则将两块邻笨二甲酸氢铊单晶体对接起来作为生长籽晶的方法．并对用这种对接籽晶培养出来的晶体进行了质量检测．包括：是否单晶的鉴别、（００１）面位错密度的观察和晶体在电子探针谱仪上应用参数的测量，检测结果表明对接籽晶生长的邻苯二甲酸氢铊晶体和用完整籽晶生长的邻苯二甲酸氢铊晶体在质量上无明显差别．