从线粒体和叶绿体基因组的结构看生物基因组的进化

通过分析各类真核生物线粒体和叶绿体基因组的大小与结构,得出这两种细胞器基因组都有小基因组与大基因组两种形式以及与之对应的结构特点,从而都是通过两种进化途径从它们各自祖先的基因组发展成为现代的线粒体和叶绿体基因组的结论。比较细胞器基因组与核（类核）基因组的存在和性质,发现类似的两种途径同样可以说明核（类核）基因组的进化。结合这三种基因组的起源问题,提出了一个生物基因组起源和进化的统一模式。     

盐胁迫下灰绿藜叶片光合特性与叶绿体离子调节的研究

ＮａＣｌ处理后,灰绿藜整个叶片内Ｎ＾＋ａ和Ｃｌ＆－积累,但叶绿体内仅少量增加。叶绿体与叶片的Ｋ＾＋浓度都降低。     

地中海伞藻(Acetabularia mediterranea)叶绿体DNA串联重复顺序的克隆和限制性内切酶图谱分析

以COS质粒(cosmid)pCOS 2EMBL 为载体,构建了地中海伞藻叶绿体基因组分子克隆库,并且筛选到含有串联重复顺序的克隆。经限制性内切酶酶解图谱分析,证明了串联重复顺序的存在,重复次数为4次以上。     

Plant thioredoxins: the multiplicity conundrum

Thioredoxins are small proteins distinguished by the presence of a conserved dicysteine active site. In oxidized thioredoxin, the two cysteines form a disulfide bond that is targeted by the enzyme thioredoxin reductase. Together with an electron donor, thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase form the 'thioredoxin system' that is present in all organisms. Thioredoxins participate in dithiol/disulfide exchange reactions with a large range of cellular substrates. Higher plants possess a very complex thioredoxin profile consisting of at least two different thioredoxin systems that contain distinct, multigenic thioredoxin classes which have different intracellular localizations. In this review we summarise the current state of knowledge regarding the function of plant thioredoxins representing all systems and classes. Received 30 October 2001; received after revision 13 December 2001; accepted 17 December 2001     

Structural and biochemical mechanism responsible for the stay-green phenotype in common wheat

In order to increase the supply of assimilated carbon to grain, a new stay-green wheat cultivar, Chuannong17 (CN17), with delayed leaf senescence, carrying wheat-rye 1RS.1BL translo- cated chromosome was developed. CN17 exhibited distinct differences in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), chlorophyll (Chl) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, activity of both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) during the grain filling stage, and flag leaf senescence compared with the control. The new cultivar maintained longer and higher photosyn- thetic competence compared with the control, and this aspect correlated with the difference in chloro-plast development. Moreover, the stay-green pheno-type of CN17 was also observed under natural growth conditions. Consequently, the coordination of the physiological, biochemical, and structural aspects in the stay-green cultivar produced higher seed weights and per-plant yield compared with the control cultivar.     

论生物基因组的起源和进化

通过分析核基因组、线粒体基因组和叶体基因组的大小与结构，发现这三种基因组教师阴“小基因组”和“大基因组”的形式及与之对应的结构特点，认为它们各自的祖先都是通过分别与“小基因组”和“大基因组”相应的两种途径进化成成为现象核（类核）基因组、线粒体基因组和叶绿体基因组，发展了生物基因组起源和进化的统一模式。     

植物叶绿体色素的纸色谱分离

报道了一种新的以石油醚—氯仿—异两醇(79:20:1)三元体系为展开剂,分离叶绿体色素的单向纸色谱法,能够完全分离高等植物中常见的六种叶绿体色素,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、β-胡萝卜素、叶黄素、紫黄质、新黄质和一种叶绿素a的衍生物脱植基叶绿素a。     

Effects of truncated mutants of the ε subunit of chloroplast ATP synthase on the fast phase of millisecond delayed light emission of chloroplast and its ATP synthesis ability

The ε subunit of the chloroplast ATP synthase and the truncated ε mutants which lack some amino acid residues from the N-terminus or C-terminus were overexpressed in E. coil When the ε subunit or the truncated ε proteins was added to the spinach chloroplast suspension, both the intensity of the fast phase of millisecond delayed light emission (ms-DLE) and the cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation activity of chloroplast were enhanced. With an increase in the number of residues deleted from the N-terminus, the enhancement effect of the N-terminal truncated proteins decreased gradually. For the C-terminal truncated proteins, the enhancement effect increased gradually with an increase in the number of residues deleted from the C-terminus. Besides, the ATP synthesis activity of ε-deficient membrane reconstituted with the ε subunit or the truncated ε proteins was compared. The ATP synthesis activity of reconstituted membrane with the N-terminal truncated proteins decreased gradually as the number of residues deleted from the N-terminus increased. For the C-terminal truncated proteins, the ATP synthesis activity of reconstituted membrane increased gradually with an increase in the number of residues deleted from the C-terminus, but was still lower than that of the wild type ε protein. These results suggested that: (a) the N-terminal domain of the ε subunit of the chloroplast ATP synthase could affect the ATP synthesis activity of ATP synthase by regulating the efficiency of blocking proton leakage of ε subunit; and (b) the C-terminal domain of the ε subunit of the chloroplast ATP synthase had a subtle function in modulating the ATP synthesis ability of ATP synthase.     

叶绿体DNA种内多样化

着重讨论了９科３２种植物叶绿体ＤＮＡ种内多样化，进而探讨叶绿体ＤＮＡ种内多样化的遗传学基础和意义。     

黄化型大麦的系列研究 Ⅰ南黄大麦的发现

南黄大麦系辐射突变选育而成。植株前期叶色浅黄,后期淡绿,是一种稀有的黄化型大麦。南黄大麦的发现,不仅丰富了大麦的基因库,而且在遗传、核质关系,超微结构、光合作用等方面具有理论和实践的意义。