3种沼虾的16S rRNA基因序列分析

为从分子角度理解3种沼虾,即罗氏沼虾、日本沼虾和祁连沼虾的遗传差异,为沼虾资源的管理、保护和合理开发利用提供理论基础,采集了每种沼虾各2尾样本,采用PCR的方法扩增了其线粒体16S rRNA基因片断并测序。比对后共获得了3种沼虾的297 bp的16S rRNA片断序列,共检测到47个变异位点,总变异率为15.8%。3种沼虾的平均碱基含量分别为T(37.7%)、C(10.9%)、A(29.8%)和G(21.6%)。罗氏沼虾种内个体间序列差异为3%。祁连沼虾和日本沼虾种内个体间差异均为0.7%,且两者种间差异很小,为0～0.7%。罗氏沼虾与祁连沼虾、日本沼虾之间的序列差异在13.1%～14.8%之间,种间差异明显。系统进化树显示罗氏沼虾自成一枝,而日本沼虾和祁连沼虾共同构成另一枝,日本沼虾和祁连沼虾的遗传距离小于5%,结果提示日本沼虾和祁连沼虾有很近的亲缘关系,两者也许是亚种关系。     

Molecular and morphological identification of two new African species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes,Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from Cameroon

The paper describes two new Dugesia species collected from the rivers Messassi and Ntsetsensooh in Cameroon, representing the first planarian flatworms documented from this country. Based on morphological data, the new species Dugesia bijuga Harrath & Sluys, sp. nov. is characterized mainly by the presence of two diaphragms, a barrel-shaped penis that is traversed by numerous ducts of penis glands and is provided with a short nozzle, and the presence of two atrial folds. The other new species, Dugesia pustulata Harrath & Sluys, sp. nov., is characterized mainly by absence of a penis bulb, presence of a large, elongated and weakly muscular seminal vesicle, and by the ventroposterior section of the bursal canal being thrown into distinct folds. The phylogenetic position of the two new species was determined through a molecular phylogenetic tree, based on a mitochondrial and a nuclear gene, including species from the major geographical range of distribution of the genus Dugesia. The phylogenetic tree revealed that the Cameroon lineage does not constitute a monophyletic group with the other Afrotropical species; it also showed that the African continent may house a great diversity of Dugesia species that still remains to be discovered.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:007441A5-F037-4950-9F5B-AD6ED12A40ED     

产絮凝剂双菌复合发酵体系的研究以及在水处理中的应用

从土壤和活性污泥中筛选到三株絮凝剂产生菌,将其进行双菌混合培养的正交试验,构建出了比单一菌所产絮凝剂絮凝活性更高的复合菌群LH,通过16SrRNA序列分析,初步判定二菌分别为Micrococcus sp.和Paenibacill usvelaei菌.对其性质的初步研究发现,复合菌LH所产絮凝剂MBF-LH为胞外代谢产物,其热稳定性好.LH产絮凝剂的最适碳源、最适培养温度、最适pH值和通气量分别为蔗糖、30℃、pH8和120r/min恒温振荡培养.培养基中添加KCl、CaSO4、K2HPO4能明显提高发酵液絮凝率.絮凝剂MBF-LH处理废水时具有用量少、絮凝率高的特点.     

绵羊肺炎支原体PCR检测方法的建立

为检测绵羊肺炎支原体感染,根据公开发表的绵羊肺炎支原体16SrRNA序列设计特异性引物。建立了PCR诊断方法。通过对绵羊肺炎支原体标准株、临床分离株、丝状支原体山羊亚种及临床病羊鼻拭子的检测。发现应用该检测方法能够对标准株、分离株和临床病羊鼻拭子扩增出特异性产物,而对丝状支原体山羊亚种则扩增小出。证实所建方法在绵羊支原体性肺炎的诊断上具有特异性、相对快速、简便等优点,值得在临床中推广应用。     

大麻哈鱼5SrRNA提取和纯化

本文介绍了从黑龙江特产的鲑科洄游鱼类——大麻哈鱼的肌肉中提取和纯化了5SrRNA。方法简便,效果较好。取新鲜冷冻鱼洗净,将其肌肉用组织搅碎机破碎,然后用苯酚法提取小分子RNA。RNA粗制品进一步用10%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳纯化,制得了纯品5SrRNA。     

Community structure of β-Proteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in prawn farm sediment

To examine the community structure of β-Proteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in prawn farm sediment, the 16S rRNA gene library was constructed with β-Proteobacterial AOB-specific primers. The library was screened by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and clones with unique RFLP patterns were sequenced. Two groups of β-Proteobacterial AOB, the Nitrosomonas and the Nitrosospira, were detected. The Nitrosomonas occupied an absolute dominant position, accounting for more than 90% of total clones in the clone library, while the Nitrosospira accounting for 5.48%. Nitrosomonas-affiliated clones were grouped into the Nitrosomonas marina and the Nitrosomonas sp. Nm 143 clusters, and Nitrosospira-affiliated clones were grouped into the Nitrosospira cluster 1. No other clusters of β-Proteobacterial AOB were found. The results enriched our knowledge of AOB diversity in the prawn farm sediment and provided important foundational data for further functional studies of these microbes in mariculture environments.     

荧光原位杂交技术及其在微生物生态学中的应用

介绍了荧光原位杂交技术的基本原理，讨论了该技术的操作程序及其在微生物生态学领域的应用。     

The phylogenetic relationship of the family Lutjanidae based on analyses of AFLP and mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequences

Fishes of the family Lutjanidae are commercially important in South China Sea. However, the phylogeny of Lutjanids is still unclear and there are many controversies over it. Herein, studies about the phylogeny of Lutjanids were performed based on Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism （AFLP） analysis of genome DNA and sequence analysis of mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene, and 10 Lutjanidae species and 1 Lethrinidae species were employed. The topologies of minimum evolution （ME） trees based on the two analyses respectively were congruent except for positions of genera Pristipomoides and Caesio. The optimal substitution model TrN ＋ G for DNA sequences of 12S rRNA genes in Lutjanids was obtained using MODELTEST 3.6 software and maximum likelihood （ML） analysis supports the topology displayed by the ME tree. The test of log-likelihood suggests that the use of molecular clock calibrations to estimate species divergence time appeared valid. Phylogenetic analyses using AFLP data and DNA sequences of mitochondrial 12S rRNA genes indicated the monophyly of Lutjanus genra. However, further studies are required to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among other genera. In addition, the results demonstrated that AFLP genetic marker was suitable for the phylogenetic analysis of Lutjanids.     

16SrRNA基因序列变异和中国野鲮亚科鱼类单系性研究

形态和分子系统学的研究结果均表明,鲤科中的鲃系是一个单系类群,由鲃亚科、鲤亚科、裂腹鱼亚科和野鲮亚科组成,但它们各自的单系性及相互关系还没有系统发育证据.采用PCR方法获得了27种鱼类的16S rRNA基因序列,其中包括18种野鲮亚科鱼类,代表了中国野鲮亚科13个属.应用邻接法、最大简约法、最大似然法和Bayesian法分别构建其分支系统图.结果表明,野鲮亚科鱼类形成了一个单系类群,并且包括两个主要分支类群:其中一支包含鲮属、缨鱼属和墨头鱼属;另一个支系包括野鲮属、拟缨鱼属、异华鲮属、卷口鱼属、唇鲮鱼属、泉水鱼属、直口鲮属、盘鮈属、纹唇鱼属和华鲮属.分子系统学的研究表明,传统分类学中使用的一些形态特征,如口唇及其相关结构等,可能是趋同进化的结果,并不完全与其系统发育进化相一致.     

麂属(Muntiacus)动物12SrRNA基因序列分析及其分子进化关系

对麂属（Muntiacus)中3种动物，赤麂（M.muntjak)(2n=6♀，7♂），小麂（M.reevesi)(2n=46),黑麂（M.crinifrons)(2n 8♀,9♂)线粒体DNA12SrRNA基因450bp左右的片段进行序列分析，并根据序列信息建立分子类聚图，同时探讨了这3种动物的起源，分类地位及进行关系，结果表明黑麂起源最早，赤麂次之，小麂最晚。