辽宁省泥炭资源及其利用

辽宁省泥炭储量为３５３６．２７万ｔ,分有裸露泥炭和埋藏泥炭。其中辽东山地为泥炭丰富区,以裸露泥炭为主,辽南丘陵沿海为泥炭多量区,以埋藏泥炭为主,其它地区泥炭较少,早期泥炭形成于早全新世辽南沿海,中全新世渐次向北扩展,为泥炭旺盛形成时期,晚全新世南部沼泽被埋藏,北部继续发育,全省泥炭以草木富营养型为主,其中尤以新宾泥炭质量为佳,辽宁泥炭在工业,农业等方面有着广泛的应用。     

泥炭沼泽起源及其发育特征的对比研究

通过对白俄罗斯别列金自然保护区与中国东北长白山地区典型泥炭沼泽的考察研究，从泥炭沼泽形成环境和泥炭层特征方面，详细地分析了道莫日里契科，萨弗斯克－莫赫和金川，哈尼四处泥炭沼泽的地形形态，植被类型以及泥炭剖面结构，泥炭类型等的异同性，提出泥炭沼泽形成实质是自然界中物质能量转化过程中的必然产物，也是生物循环与地质循环过程中生物化学作用的结果。     

泥炭和风化煤对盐碱土的改良效应

利用盆栽试验,以作为水稻为例,对泥炭和风化煤改良盐碱土的效应进行分析。结果表明:施入泥炭和风化煤的盐碱土,由于改良剂具有提高土壤孔隙度、降低 pH 值、激活离子、增加养分和增强酶生物学活性等作用,水稻分蘖期、拔节期、 结实期的根系活力明显提高;出穗期和出穗 2 周时茎液流速度显著增大;收获时分蘖数,饱满率、千粒重、株高、穗长、稻草重、谷粒重和根重都有不同程度的提高。为泥炭和风化煤作为盐碱地改良剂的广泛应用提供科学依据,对盐碱土的农业生产和生态环境治理有指导意义。     

Carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions and their evolutions of gases generated by herbaceous swamp peat at different thermal maturity stages

Coalbed methane (CBM) accumulation models include continuous gas accumulation and staged gas accumulation.However,studied on the geochemical characteristics and indices to evaluate staged accumulation CBM are lacking.This study for the first time obtained the carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of methane and ethane generated at different evolution stages using thermal simulation of samples prepared by treating an herbaceous swamp peat at different temperatures.The results showed that the carbon isotopic compositions of methane and ethane were obviously affected by the thermal evolution level of the starting sample,while the hydrogen isotopic compositions were closely related to the maturity of gases.The carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of gases generated by coal-forming organic matter with Ro values from 1.2%,1.7%,2.4%,3.2% and 3.7% to 5.2% were determinated.The relationship between Ro values and the carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of gases generated by coal-forming organic matter at different evolution stages as well as the carbon or hydrogen isotopic relationships between methane and ethane were established.The results provide a scientific basis for studying the genesis of CBM generated at different maturity intervals and understanding the geochemical characteristics of staged accumulation CBM.These results were applied to a case study on CBM from the southern Qinshui basin,and it was found that the CBM accumulated after the Middle Jurassic and was characteristic of staged gas accumulation.This is consistent with the result of geological studies,and further showed that the results of thermal simulation experiments are very important for evaluating the genesis of natural CBM.     

太湖的形成与演变

本文主要讨论太湖的形成与演变问题。认为太湖平原在全新世基本上是陆相环境;中全新世温暖期,由于海面回升,河口淤塞,河流中、下游洼地积水而逐渐形成太湖;太湖形成之后,面积逐渐扩大,且由于湖流和波浪的侵蚀,而使太湖西、南及东南岸呈圆弧形。     

敦化泥炭矿物质组成的研究

选取敦化大桥和哈尔巴岭两个泥炭剖面，在实验室测定了泥炭矿物质组成及其剖面变化情况，并与吉林省东部其他泥炭剖面进行对比。结果显示：泥炭灰分含量远远低于同一剖面其下部矿质土的灰分含量；同一地区、同一成炭植物类型，因成矿类型不同，灰分含量有差异；与其他地区泥炭相比，敦化泥炭属于中等偏低灰分泥炭；灰成分中Na2O含量偏高。     

Peat record reflecting Holocene climatic change in the Zoigê Plateau and AMS radiocarbon dating

Through the use of reliable AMS dating of high resolution (15–30 years) peat and the establishment of monsoon climate proxies sequence, we have been able to recognize several cold, dry events in the Tibetan Plateau during the Holocene. The more obvious ones occurred around 12800, 11300, 10200, 9580, 8900, 6400, 4400, 3700, 2800 and 1500 cal. aBP. These events correlate well with both ice rafting events recorded in high latitude North Atlantic Ocean sediment cores and cooling events in the low latitude SST. Spectral analysis indicates high frequency climate variation on centennial-millennial time scale during the Holocene. This further reflects Holocene climate instability and the existence of centennial-millenium scale rhythm in mid latitude areas as well.     

栽培基质和营养液浓度对白发藓生长影响的研究

通过对白发藓生长最佳基质和营养液的筛选,来大量纯种扩繁白发藓.通过组织培养得到了白发藓(Leucobryumglaucum)的无菌配子体,将它们接种于装有泥炭土、蛭石和珍珠岩不同基质比例的培养瓶内,并加入不同浓度的knop's营养液,通过60 d的培养,测定了不同处理的白发藓配子体的叶绿素含量,配子体长度、总鲜重和分枝数等指标.发现泥炭土∶蛭石∶珍珠岩2∶2∶1比例、20%浓度的Knop's营养液有利于白发藓配子体的生长.     

Compositions of aliphatic des-A-triterpenes in the Hani peat deposit,Northeast China and its biological significance

Aliphatic des-A-triterpenes, the degradation products of pentacyclic triterpenes have been tentatively assigned in samples taken from a 963-cm-thick peat sequence from the Hani region of Northeast China using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in order to understand and identify these des-A-triterpenes response to climate and ecology. The study indicates that aliphatic des-A-triterpenes are abundant in the Hani peat bog. The high relative abundance of the total des-A-triterpenes mainly occurs at the Holocene periods and is corresponding to the low sedimentation rate. The mechanism of des-A-triterpenes accumulation is not consistent with the previous studies. It is proposed that the biological community is also one influence factor. The obvious stage variations of the total des-A-triterpenes in the whole sequence reveal the different biological (microbes and plants) processes and responses, possibly revealing the four large replacements of biological community and functional composition in the swamp environment over the 16000 cal a BP. The low total des-A-triterpenes values occur at about 10200, 8700, 7700, 6600, 4480–3940 and 3040 cal a BP, reflecting the multiple millennial micro-environment oscillations under the macro-environment of the swamp during the Holocene. The ratios of diene and monoene des-A-triterpenes (DT/MT), des-A-lupane and diene and monoene des-A-triterpenes (DL/(DT+MT)), ratios of individual compounds exhibit vertical opposite to the total des-A-triterpenes. Namely, these ratios are high during the last deglaciation and late Holocene whereas they are low at other periods, indicating different compounds have different responses to micro-environment and microbial activities. This study discusses the diversity of biological community and biological functional composition response to micro-environment, which not only provides the complement in Northeast China, but also bears important fundamental information for the implication to ecological environment in the future.     

High-resolution geochemistry records of climate changes since late-glacial from Dajiuhu peat in Shennongjia Mountains,Central China

A peat core with depths of 297 cm was obtained from the Dajiuhu Basin(31°29′27″N,109°59′45″E,1760 m)in Hubei Province,Central China.10 AMS ages provide a time control and reveal that this core spans the past about 16.0 kaBP(calibrated age)(1 4C age:13.3 kaBP).Multi-proxy indexes analysis of geochemistry shows the following character of climate and environmental changes since about 16 kaBP:(1) The climate during the late-glacial period was cold and wet as a whole,but fluctuated continually.11.4- 12.6 cal.kaBP,12.6-15.2 cal.kaBP and 15.2-16 kaBP were corresponding respectively to the Younger Drays,Bφlling-Allerφd Warm Period and the Oldest Drays.(2)Inheriting the some climate characteristics of the late-glacial,the climate during the early-Holocene was wet and temperature increased gradually,during which an obvious dry event around 10.6 cal.kaB appeared.(3)The climate during the mid-Holocene was genarally warm and wet.During 9.2-7.5 kaBP,temperature increased gradually, precipitation was less comparatively and the 8.2 kaBP cold event which might be representative in the globe was reflected markedly.Then,multi-proxy records were relatively stable during 6.7-4.2 kaBP, which shows the best water and thermal condition in the Holocene Optimum.(4)Around 4.2 kaBP,the climate and environment transform from warm and wet to cool and dry,which may result in the collapse of the Neolithic Culture and midwifery the civilization of Xia Dynasty in this region.After 0.9 kaBP,the climate turned cool and wet.Climate and environmental changes archived in Dajiuhu peat respond to the global changes since the late-glacial period and can be contrasted to the changes recorded in other high-resolution archives from the East Asia Monsoon region,which take on the variety model that the monsoon strengthened abruptly after the late-glacial,was strong during the early Holocene,subse- quently declined and became weak after the middle Holocene with dry climate.According to our analysis,the driving mechanism should be the response of s