基于多材质复合管柱的裸眼井壁支撑工艺及应用

已完钻超深裸眼水平井侧钻技术是经济、高效开发油藏剩余油的主要手段之一，传统的磨铣钢套管开窗侧钻技术存在下入摩阻大、磨铣耗时长导致开窗失败等问题。为此，提出了基于多材质复合管柱的超深水平井裸眼井壁支撑工艺，结合中国西北油田已完钻超深裸眼水平井井况，首先，提出了基于“铝合金+碳钢”的多材质复合管柱组合及设计方法；其次，开展了基于管柱实物屈曲实验数据的管柱临界屈曲载荷计算模型适用性评价，并优选出了适合于“铝合金+碳钢”多材质复合管柱的屈曲临界载荷计算模型；最后，研究了综合考虑管柱扭矩、摩阻、刚性、井眼条件、管柱强度及材质的多材质复合管柱下入性分析方法，并利用下入性分析软件对西北油田顺北X1井、X2井、X3井、X4井复合管柱进行了下入可行性评价。该方法在X1井和X2井得到成功应用，进一步论证了该工艺现场应用的可行性。研究成果可为超深水平井裸眼井壁支撑的复合管柱设计和下入可行性评价提供理论参考。     

数据驱动的铝基复合材料性能预测和逆向设计

采用数据驱动的方法对 SiCp(0.5CNT)/7075Al 铝基复合材料的化学成分以及制备工艺进行了分析, 针对抗拉强度和延伸率两个力学性能进行了特征重要性分析, 构建了包含 8 种机器学习算法的集成框架, 自动进行模型的参数调优和最优模型选择, 并在此基础上进行了材料逆向设计. 实验结果表明, 在 470 ${^\circ}$C 固溶 40 min, 120${^\circ}$C 时效 15 h 的热处理工艺下, SiCp(0.5CNT)/7075Al-1.0Mg 复合材料抗拉强度和延伸率的预测值为 617.48 MPa 和 2.98%, 实验值为 647.0 MPa 和 3.31%, 两项物理性能的平均绝对百分比误差(mean absolute percentage errors, MAPE)较小, 依次为 4.56% 和 9.97%. 这说明本数据驱动方法对铝基复合材料的工艺优化和性能提升有一定指导意义.     

李雅普诺夫：逐梦唯美天空的俄罗斯数学家

 李雅普诺夫是圣彼得堡数学学派的中流砥柱，创立了运动稳定性理论、旋转液团平衡形状理论和微分方程定性理论，探索了概率论中心极限定理和一系列其他深刻数学力学问题，为俄罗斯跻身世界科技强国做出了卓越贡献。通过采撷李雅普诺夫的动人爱情诗篇和唯美科学奋斗目标，展示了其美丽的爱情观和追求卓越的科学精神、人生观和宇宙观。     

Effect of Al on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-extruded Mg–1Mn alloy sheet

The effect of Al addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of hot extruded Mg–1 Mn alloy sheet was investigated. The results revealed that the dynamic recrystallization was promoted by increasing Al content. The ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the alloy increased with the increase of Al content. The Mg–9 Al–1 Mn alloy exhibited the highest strength, with tensile strength of 308 MPa, 307 MPa, 319 MPa, yield strength of 199 MPa, 207 MPa, 220 MPa and the elongation of 20.9%, 20.1%, 19.2% in 0°, 45°, 90°, respectively.The high strength was mainly attributed to the formation of fine dynamically recrystallized grains and large amounts of the second phase. The strengthening mechanism of the alloys was explained.     

Microstructure,mechanical properties and wear resistance of an Al–Mg–Si alloy produced by equal channel angular pressing

Microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance in an ultrafine-grained Al–Mg–Si alloy fabricated utilizing a combination of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and dynamic aging were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the grain size of the ECAP alloy was significantly refined, i.e., to ~239 nm after three ECAP passes. Meanwhile, the yield and tensile strength of the ECAPed material reached 340 MPa and 445 MPa, respectively, while maintaining a significant uniform elongation of 14%. Wear resistance results demonstrated that the wear rate, wear depth and width of the ECAPed material decreased in comparison with the solution-treated (SST) and peak-aged (T6) conditions under a load range of 5–25 N. The adhesive wear that occurs in the undeformed specimens at 10 N does not appear in the ECAPed specimen at the same load, indicating that the ECAPed specimen delay the appearance of more serious wear mechanisms under certain loads. The cooperative interaction of high density nano-scale β" precipitates and dislocations resulted in a combination of super-high strength and good work hardening ability which suppressed the extension of cracks between the friction layer and the plastic deformation zone. As a consequence, the combination of ECAP and dynamic aging brings a significant improvement for antifriction performance of the 6061 aluminum alloy.     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructures and properties of a novel Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling

In view of the special requirements for strength, heat resistance and corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling, the Al-6.2 Zn-2.5 Mg-1.6 Cu alloy was prepared by increasing Cu content on basis of Russian Series 1953 alloy. The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and properties of the alloy was characterized by optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM), and investigated by tensile test at room temperature, thermal exposure test and corrosion test. The results show that the strength after T6 aging treatment exhibit a decrease trend as an increase of the solution temperature from465 °C to 480 °C. After the solution treated by the rate of 470 °C/1 h, second phases dissolve into the matrix very well and the strength property reaches optimum. The alloy has better comprehensive properties treated by a solution treatment of 470 °C/1 h and then followed by an aging treatment of 120 °C/24 h + 170 °C/1 h + 120 °C/24 h. Under the aging state, the precipitated phases inside the grains are suitable in size, while on the grain boundary distribute discontinuously and the precipitate-free zone is obvious. Besides, the alloy still maintain high tensile properties. The yield strength, tensile strength and elongation are 650 MPa, 686 MPa,12.0%, respectively. The yield strength retention after heat exposure is 92%. The alloy has good corrosion resistance and the exfoliation corrosion degree. The average corrosion rate in the H_2S and CO_2 environment is 0.0024 mm/a, which is far less than the required 0.12 mm/a. It is insensitive to H_2S and CO_2 environments.     

磁流变液中磁性颗粒成链与团聚的临界特征分析

热运动对纳米级磁流变液系统的颗粒团聚行为和宏观流变特性扰动影响不可忽视.为研究施加外磁场后系统微结构与热运动间的关系，探讨在不同颗粒粒径情况下热运动能量在系统总能量中的占比.采用CCD设计方法，分析Monte Carlo仿真获取的颗粒位形信息，生成关于外磁场磁感应强度、颗粒粒径和体积分数的系统热耦合系数<λ>回归模型;成链团聚的临界颗粒粒径计算值比文献经验值高出约23%，证实在考虑系统内多因素的综合影响下，纳米级磁流变液具有更严格的流变现象临界发生条件.     

基于铜金复合纳米材料的半胱氨酸检测

铜金复合纳米材料作为一种新型探针，可灵敏地选择性检测半胱氨酸。在碘离子存在的情况下，半胱氨酸能够使铜金复合纳米材料的吸收峰信号增强，从而实现半胱氨酸的定量检测，检测限为0.06 mmol/L，线性范围为0～1 mmol/L。与其他氨基酸相比，铜金复合纳米材料传感器对半胱氨酸显示出良好的选择性，所制备的铜金复合纳米材料无需任何处理即可直接用于检测体系，大大简化了检测流程，具有简单、快捷和选择性高等优点，可作为半胱氨酸检测的有力工具。     

激光快速成型TC4合金显微组织及力学性能

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、电子拉伸机等，研究了激光快速成型TC4合金沉积态在平行沉积方向和垂直沉积方向的组织和力学性能.结果表明:激光快速成型TC4合金沉积态宏观组织沿沉积方向生长的粗大β柱状晶呈明暗相间的条带状结构，具备典型的魏氏组织特征;垂直沉积方向的强度比平行沉积方向的强度高，但塑性低;合金断口为韧窝状断口，垂直沉积方向的断口韧窝尺寸比平行沉积方向的小.     

基于交通信号灯信息的混合动力汽车节能预测控制方法

针对传统混合动力汽车控制方法不考虑已知道路交通信号灯信息对车辆能量管理影响的问题,提出了基于交通信号灯信息的混合动力汽车节能预测控制智能优化策略。通过建立混合动力汽车系统的简化模型,并采用连续广义最小残量方法求解模型预测控制问题。运用MATLAB/Simulink进行仿真,仿真结果验证了交通信号灯信息模型的有效性,以及所设计的模型预测控制算法大幅度提高混合动力汽车的燃油经济性的能力和实时控制性能。研究结果表明所提出的控制策略可以实现车辆行驶轨迹的优化控制,显著提高了车辆的燃油经济性,并满足系统的实时最优控制要求。