杉木遗传转化受体系统的建立

以杉木试管苗靠近茎尖的茎段为外植体,通过不同预培养时间及不同浓度6-BA、TDZ、头孢霉素、卡那霉素等处理,分析诸因素对茎段再生芽的影响,建立了以杉木茎段为外植体的高频再生系统。结果表明：DCR＋6-BA（1．0mg／L）＋TDZ（0．001mg／L）＋NAA（0．1mg／L）最适干杉木茎段诱导芽发生,预培养时间为2d时,芽诱导频率、平均芽数和芽形成能力最高。切片观察发现,茎段发生的芽多起源干茎段表面,是农杆菌容易抵达的位置,说明茎段附着农杆菌的细胞与再生芽的部位相一致。     

N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V modifies the signaling pathway of epidermal growth factor receptor

Transfection of sense cDNA of N-acetylglucosamyltransferase V (GnTV-S) into human H7721 hepatocarcinoma cells resulted in an increase in the N-acetylglucosamine1,6mannose1,3- branch (GnT-V product) on the N-glycans of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR), and promotion of its EGF binding and tyrosine autophosphorylation, but showed little effect on the expression of EGFR protein. The phosphorylation at T308, S473 and tyrosine residue(s) and the activity of protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) as well as the phosphorylation of p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and MAPK kinase (MEK) before and after EGF stimulation were concomitantly increased. Conversely, in the antisense GnT-V (GnTV-AS)-transfected H7721 cells, all the results were the reverse of those with GnTV-S-transfected cells. After the cells were treated with 1-deoxymannojirimycin, an inhibitor of N-glycan processing at high mannose, or antibody against the extracellular glycan domain of EGFR, the differences in PKB activity, p42/44 MAPK and MEK phosphorylation among GnTV-S-, GnTV-AS- and mock-transfected cells were significantly attenuated. These findings indicate that the altered expression of GnT-V will change the glycan structure and function of EGFR, which may modify downstream signal transduction.Received 24 March 2004; received after revision 1 May 2004; accepted 25 May 2004     

褐菖鲉视网膜感受系统及其适应特性研究

褐菖鲉Sebastiscus marmoratus的暗适应时程特别长,用LogIs=0的光强漂白后,阈值需要经4.5h暗适应才能回到原来暗视水平.而明适应进程很短,只需要3min就达稳定,这与网膜变化一致。它的网膜具有视杆和视维两种不同光感受系统,但是,暗适应曲线无明显平台和转折,强光明适应曲线也未出现R型变化.因此,其视锥感光功能可能在某种程度上发生退化,适于弱光视觉,这些视觉特性可能与其长期生活于近海底层礁石间弱光环境的习性相适应。     

蓖麻蚕触角的结构和嗅觉感受细胞对化学气味物质的反应

扫描电镜和透射电镜观察蓖麻蚕的触角和毛形感器。雄蛾触角上的毛形感器比雌蛾的长且多。雄蛾触角的每个毛形感器内有二个或三个树突。用４１种人工合成化合物刺激蓖麻蚕触角，单细胞记录方法记录感受细胞的感受器电位和神经冲动发放发现，雄蛾对Ｅ６，Ｚ１１－十六碳二烯醛和Ｅ４，Ｚ９－十四碳二烯醇，酯及醛反应明显。雌蛾触角对上述化合物无反应。     

视黄素诱导的癌细胞凋亡及其对癌细胞生长抑制的相关性

以不同的受体选择性视黄素处理乳腺癌细胞，通过荧光显微术、ＴｄＴ测定和细胞生长测定，分析视黄素诱导的癌细胞凋亡及其对癌细胞生长抑制的相互关系；将受体ＲＡＲα基因转染乳腺癌ＭＢ－２３１细胞，发现受体转染与细胞凋亡诱导有关；ＲＡＲ和ＲＸＲ受体选择性视黄素联合使用，对诱导癌细胞凋亡和抑制癌细胞生长具有加强作用．结果证实，视黄素能够诱导乳腺癌细胞的细胞凋亡，并与抑制癌细胞的恶性生长相一致，这可能是视黄素抗癌作用的机制之一．     

核医学显像技术在帕金森病中的应用

近年来，帕金森病(PD)发病率逐年增高，但临床上CT和MRI对早期发现PD病变有一定限制，而SPECT和PET等核医学显像技术，特别是多巴胺神经递质及受体显像，对PD的早期诊断有重要价值．     

猪红细胞免疫功能初步研究

本实验通过对35例猪红细胞 C_3b 受体花环和免疫复合物花环的检测,证明猪红细胞亦有C_3b 受体(即 Complement receptortype I,CR_1),表明猪红细胞不但具有传统医学观念上的功能,而且还可借助 CR_1进行免疫粘附,并以此为基础,表现出各种重要的免疫功能。     

嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法专利态势分析

嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法是最有可能战胜癌症的肿瘤免疫疗法,是生命科学领域极具发展前景的前沿产业,对知识产权的保护至关重要。本文对嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法的国际和国内专利态势进行分析,包括对专利申请趋势、专利产出国、专利应用国、主要申请人、技术聚类主题等进行分析,从而比较我国与国际的差距与不足,有助于我国嵌合抗原受体疗法行业更好地运用专利手段保护自身知识产权,促进企业创新发展。本文研究发现,相比于美国,我国科研院所在嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法领域的专利产出不高,反应了我国在该技术基础研究投入方面的不足,我国对全球范围内的专利布局也缺乏重视。建议我国应加大对嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法的基础研发投入,开发和掌握关键技术;注重国际专利布局,增强国际市场竞争力;强化科研院所和企业之间的联动合作,以鼓励和促进专利技术的转化。     

Receptor and nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatases in the nervous system

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) have emerged as a new class of signaling molecules that play important roles in the development and function of the central nervous system. They include both tyrosine-specific and dual-specific phosphatases. Based on their cellular localization they are also classified as receptor-like or intracellular PTP. However, the intracellular mechanisms by which these PTPs regulate cellular signaling pathways are not well understood. Evidence gathered to date provides some insight into the physiological function of these PTPs in the nervous system. In this review, we outline what is currently known about the functional role of PTPs expressed in the brain.Received 31 March 2003; received after revision 7 May 2003; accepted 22 May 2003