Concentration level and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and grass around Mt. Qomolangma, China

High mountains may serve as a condenser for persistent organic pollutants. In the present study, soil and grass samples from Mt. Qomolangma region, China were collected from 4600 to 5620 m a.s.I and were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） to determine if they are concentrated at colder, more elevated sites and to evaluate their possible resources and fractionation. The total PAHs concentration in soil samples was 〈 600 ng g^-1, the critical value to differentiate PAHs levels in remote and urban regions. This implied the PAHs levels at Mt. Qomolangma are relatively low and what one might expect in such a remote region of the world. These low values may represent a soil background for mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere soils away from the direct influence of an anthropogenic source. As for the distribution pattern, the low molecular weight PAHs were prone to accumulate at higher altitude, while the high molecular weight PAHs inversely related or unrelated with elevation. Based on high concentration of phenanthrene at elevated sample site and the ratios of individual PAHs, we deduced that home-heating combustion and vehicle emission may result in the constitution trait of PAHs in this mountain region. Monsoon traveling over India, Pakistan and other countries with dense population may carry contaminant to Mt. Qomolangma region.     

求证珠峰新高

珠穆朗玛峰作为世界最高峰,她的海拔高程数据历来为世界各国所关注.从1847年-2005年人们求证珠峰高程已经历10次之多,展现了人类用生命与心血勇攀高峰,探索自然奥秘的奋斗过程.由于技术手段的进步和珠峰地区强烈的地壳运动,重测珠峰高程具有其重要的科学意义.近10年来包括中国在内的测量科考队多次测量了珠峰高程,引起了地学界广泛的关注.(编者按:2005年10月9日,国家测绘局公布珠峰高程测量最新结果为8 844.43米)     

Climatological significance of an ice core net-accumulation record at Mt. Qomolangma (Everest)

An ice core record at Mt. Qomolangma (Everest) since 1954 reveals a sharp decline in net-accumulation in the 1960s, and the annual net-accumulation during the 1970s to the beginning of the 1990s is only half of that at the end of the 1950s. The decreased net-accumulation is coincident with glacier retreat, which is associated with recent temperature increase in the region that intensified the ablation. Under the background of global warming, such glacier variation trends will aggravate.     

Use of a multi-temporal grid method to analyze changes in glacier coverage in the Tibetan Plateau

This paper describes a multi-temporal grid method for quantifying changes in glacier coverage. A multi-temporal grid synthesizes spatial, attribute and process components of glacier information by sequentially combining spatial data from satellite images or maps. It enables us to identify glacier retreat and advance areas in individual grid cells for three or more periods of data sets. Discrepancies among the sequential data sets were detected graphically and numerically, including noise from geo-location error, misclassification, or different interpretation results in various pixel resolutions. Noise was detected and corrected to a large extent by visualization of the synthetic grid. The paper compares the results with that from a common method based on individual data sets, focusing on the Mt. Naimona'Nyi and Mt. Qomolangma regions at the northern slopes of the Himalayas. Results show that the identified noise (e.g. by 2.5 km2 in the Mt. Naimona'Nyi region) is much larger than measurement uncertainty calculated by sensor resolution and co-registration error (e.g. by 0.015 km2 in the Mt. Naimona'Nyi region). After noise removal, we notice that glacier recession clearly accelerates. The multi-temporal grid method results in a better quantification of glacier variation. It shows that glaciers in the Himalayas have both retreated and advanced during the last several decades, with retreat dominating and accelerating. Glaciers on the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma in the middle Himalayas retreat more extensively and faster than those in the Mt. Naimona'Nyi region in the western Himalayas.     

Elemental composition in surface snow from the ultra-high elevation area of Mt. Qomolangma （Everest）

A total of 14 surface snow （0-10 cm） samples were collected along the climbing route （6500-8844 m a.s.h） on the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma in May, 2005. Analysis of elemental concentrations in these samples showed that there are no clear trends for element variations with elevation due to redistribution of surface snow by strong winds during spring. In addition, local crustal aerosol inputs also have an influence on elemental composition of surface snow. Comparison between elemental concentration datasets of 2005 and 1997 indicated that data from 2005 were of higher quality. Elemental concentrations （especially for heavy metals） at Mt. Qomolangma are comparable with polar sites, and far lower than large cities. This indicates that anthropogenic activities and heavy metal pollution have little effect on the Mt. Qomolangma atmospheric environment, which can be representative of the background atmospheric environment.     

攀登珠峰气象预报与奥运圣火亲近珠峰

自1903年以来,许多国家的登山队员不断地从南坡或北坡攀登世界第一高峰——珠穆朗玛峰（以下简称珠峰）。截至2003年5月止,世界上登上珠峰峰顶的人数已经超过1700人次,然而,丧生于珠峰的人数也接近200人。在上述时间中．世界上的登山者共有72次登上珠峰顶峰。其中,有57次于春天登上顶峰（其中,有55次于5月登上顶峰,占春天的96％;在5月登顶的55次中,上旬占21％,中旬占27％,     

虚拟珠峰飞行漫游系统逼真性的研究与实现

介绍了虚拟珠穆朗玛峰飞行漫游系统的构成和功能，给出了珠穆朗玛峰及周边地区数字化地形数据ＤＴＭ的生成方法、ＤＴＭ到美国地质勘察局数字化高程模型ＵＳＧＳ ＤＥＭ的转换算法及地貌影像图的映射方法。建立了一种通用的直升机动力学及控制系统的简化模型，采用龙格－库塔法与欧拉法相结合的积分方法对动力学模型进行了简化计算，并验证了该模型对操纵杆的输入动态响应，实现了人在回路的虚拟直升机对虚拟珠穆朗玛峰地区的逼真漫     

珠穆朗玛峰科学考察

自1958年以来,中国科学家和登山家合作,在珠穆朗玛峰(以下简称珠峰)地区多次进行科学考察研究,在珠峰的形成历史及其对于自然环境和人类活动的影响方面有了可喜的成果.本文着重介绍关于第四纪地壳上升、测量珠峰高程及环境变化方面的研究情况.     

珠穆朗玛峰地区的新降雪和雪坑样品的化学特征研究

1998年 8 ,9月份和 1999年 6月份 ,在珠穆朗玛峰北坡东绒布冰川积累区采集了一批新降雪和雪坑样品 ,稳定氧同位素比率 (δ1 8O)以及化学成分的分析结果表明 ,珠峰地区大气降水具有明显的季节变化特征 ,表现为夏季风降水中 δ1 8O值和主要离子浓度都很低 ,而非夏季风降水中δ1 8O值和主要离子浓度显著升高 ,反映了不同的水汽来源和气候状况     

珠穆朗玛峰的命名及英译

珠穆朗玛峰是中国地名,是中国西藏人发现并命名的。1715年,清政府对珠穆朗玛峰进行了勘测,并根据当地藏族人对它的称呼,正式命名为＂朱母朗马阿林＂。一个多世纪后珠穆朗玛峰被殖民主义者篡改为额菲尔士峰。1952年中国政府将额菲尔士峰正名为珠穆朗玛峰,但半个多世纪以来,错误英译仍在泛滥,应规范其英译。