Malarial parasites complete sporogony in axenic mosquitoes

Summary To obtain sporogonic stages of malaria free from microbial contaminants for in vitro studies,Anopheles stephensi were reared under sterile conditions using a mosquito cell line as larval food. The adult females, kept in sterile humidified containers and allowed to engorge on parasitemic hamsters, supported the sporogonic development of the rodent malarial parasitePlasmodium berghei. In 10 experiments, the proportion of infected mosquitoes varied from 0 to 92%, and the geometric mean number of oocysts per female mosquito from 2.5 to 58,6, with a range of 1 to 548. The average number of salivary gland sporozoites per infected mosquito was determined by direct sporozoite counts in the pooled homogenate of the thoraces of all female mosquitoes. In five experiments, it varied from 2.7×10³ to 9.0×10³. The sterile sporozoites, harvested on day 19 or 20 after the infective blood meal, were as infective for rodents as nonsterile ones.Supported in part by Public Health Service research grant AI 18345 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, by a grant from the Agency of International Development DSPE-5542-G-SS-3042-00, and by a Charles and Johanna Busch award.     

Hepatic acid hydrolases of albino rats,Mastomys natalensis and albino mice duringPlasmodium berghei infection

Summary Changes in liver acid hydrolase activities during the infection of albino rats,Mastomys or mice withPlasmodium berghei are described. B-Glucosidase, B-galactosidase and N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase exhibited widely different responses with acid phosphatase and cathepsin-B the least responsive and are likely to be causally related to immunity of animals.     

新型二茂铁基喹喔啉哌嗪的合成及其抗疟活性研究

以二茂铁甲醛为起始原料,经过6步反应合成得到新型的二茂铁吡咯并[1,2-α]喹喔啉哌嗪类衍生物1a-h.产物针对恶性疟原虫FcB1,K1,F32等菌株进行了体外抑制活性实验.实验结果表明,新合成的化合物具有一定的抗疟活性,其中芳环上4-位硝基取代的化合物1h体外抗疟活性最优.本工作为进一步研究具有更好活性的抗疟药物打下一定的基础.     

硫酸软骨素A介导的恶性疟原虫感染的红细胞粘附

对硫酸软骨素的粘附机制进行了初步探讨。研究表明,恶性疟原虫感染的红细胞可粘附于各种器官的微血管内皮细胞,这种粘附被认为是红细胞膜表面分子与内皮细胞表面分子间配体－受体相互作用的结果,ＣＳＡ为内皮细胞表面感染的红细胞的粘附受体和恶性疟原虫红细胞膜蛋白１的配体。     

酮替酚和氯喹合并作用对约氏疟原虫抗性株红内期超微结构的研究

酮替酚作用下约氏疟原虫抗性株的超微结构变化与约氏敏感株相似,都表现为有髓鞘状的多层膜结构;而酮替酚和氯喹合并作用下的抗性株有明显不同于单独酮替酚和氯喹作用下的变化:大量类似粗面内质网结构的同心圆排列。     

酮替酚配伍周效磺胺对红内期约氏疟原虫超微结构的影响

单独使用酮替酚或周效磺胺，红内期约氏疟原虫的超微结构受到一定程度的损伤，但配伍使用酮替酚和周效碘胺后虫体的结构变化更为迅速，给药８小时后裂殖体的形成受阻，滋养体除细胞结构逐渐消失外胞质中还出现伪食泡和逐渐增多增大的单膜或多膜空泡，给药２４小时后未查见结构完整的滋养体。     

酮替酚和氯喹合并作用对约氏疟原虫抗性株红内期超微结构的研究

酮替酚作用下约氏疟原虫抗性株的超微结构变化与约氏敏感株相似,都表现为有髓鞘状的多层膜结构;而酮替酚和氯喹合并作用下的抗性株有明显不同于单独酮替酚和氯喹作用下的变化:大量类似粗面内质网结构的同心圆排列。     

Chitotriosidase: the yin and yang

The enzyme chitotriosidase (ChT), the human analogue of chitinases from non-vertebrate species, is one of the most abundant and indicative proteins secreted by activated macrophages. Its enzymatic activity is elevated in serum of patients suffering from Gaucher’s disease type 1 and in some other inherited lysosomal storage disorders, as well as in diseases in which macrophages are activated. The last decade has witnessed the appearance of a substantial number of studies attempting to unravel its cellular functions, which have yet not been fully defined. A great deal of progress has been made in the study of the physiological roles of ChT. This review is looks at the key areas of investigations addressed to further illuminate whether ChT activation might have different functional meanings in various diseases. Received 7 June 2006; received after revision 24 July 2006; accepted 21 September 2006     

Cyclic AMP level in red blood cells ofPlasmodium berghei-infectedMastomys natalensis

Summary The present report describes the changes in cyclic AMP level which occur upon parasitization of red cells byPlasmodium berghei. Parasitized erythrocytes were separated from the non-parasitized population by percoll density-gradient centrifugation. An increase in the cyclic AMP content of both non-parasitized and parasitized erythrocytes of infected animals compared with that of uninfected animals was observed. The patterns of physiological response to isoproterenol in normal, parasitized and non-parasitized erythrocytes were identical.     

食蟹猴疟原虫和猪尾猴疟原虫红外期的比较研究

用大量食蟹猴疟原虫子孢子(2.1×10~6)和猪尾猴疟虫子孢子(9.53×10~6)各经股静脉接种一猕猴。前者在接种子孢子后第7天,后者在第8天分别出现首次原虫血症。两猴皆用氯喹(10mg/kg)连续5天作胃管灌服,以清除血中原虫。食蟹猴疟原虫经氯喹治疗后出现3次复发,时间分别为子孢子接种后30,56和155天。每次复发均用上述剂量的氯喹作同样的治疗。在猪尾猴疟原虫则在第1次氯喹治疗后一直无复发出现。用间接荧光抗体染色(IFAT)和吉氏染色法在食蟹猴疟原虫子孢子感染后第7天和62天的猴肝切片中均找到典型的休眠体,而在感染猪尾猴疟原虫第8天的肝切片中,只查到发育成熟的裂殖体而无休眠体。实验结果进一步证实,疟疾“复发”是“休眠体”经过一段时间蛰伏后发育成裂殖子所引起的。