松沫蝉与松枯梢病的关系及其防治

研究表明,松枯梢病（Sphaeropsis sapinea)是辽宁单古台樟子松（Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)林木死亡的直接原因,松沫蝉（Aphrophora flavipes)对松枯梢病的发生与危害有明显的促进作用。在防治松枯梢病的过程中,不能忽略松沫蝉的防治。用50％甲胺磷原液或5倍液注干或涂干、500倍液喷雾等是防治松沫蝉幼龄若虫的适宜措施。采用“林敌”烟剂防治成虫是一种简便易行的有效办法。     

The influence of ethylene on primary attraction of the olive beetle,Phloeotribus scarabaeoides (Bern.) (Col., Scolytidae)

Two experiments have been carried out to verify the effect of ethylene on the primary attraction ofPhloeotribus scarabaeoides under both laboratory and field conditions. The experiments were based on the enhancement of ethylene production by olive branches and trunks after the application of (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid. Under laboratory conditions, the beetles' response was strongly stimulated on the treated branches. Under field conditions, the treatment aided the location of the olive wood by the flying beetles, and the attack density was significantly greater in the treated wood at the end of the experiment.     

消拖船节油航速优化研究

针对港口作业消拖船主机的高油耗问题,从船舶管理节能的角度出发,提出了基于改进天牛须算法的消拖船节油航速优化方法。通过分析消拖船的船、机、浆的能量传递机制,建立了其主机燃油消耗的优化模型,并对消拖船某航次中各航段的航速开展优化研究。天牛须搜索算法(beetle antennae search algorithm, BAS)是近年来出现的智能优化算法,在处理结构复杂的数学模型优化中优势很明显,但是也存在收敛慢、容易进入局部最优状态等问题,为此建立了一种改进的天牛须搜索算法(improved beetle antennae search algorithm, IBAS),以更好地满足应用要求。通过实例计算分析,采用所提出的优化算法进行消拖船主机燃油消耗优化。结果表明：所提算法的收敛速度快,寻优效率高。与天牛须算法和蚁群算法(ant colony algorithm, ACO)对比分析,所提出的优化算法保持较快的运算时间的同时,提高了优化结果的准确率。     

The behaviour of Cotinis nitida Linnaeus,the green June beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), on mowed lawns makes them especially vulnerable to bird predators

ABSTRACT

Males of the green June beetle Cotinis nitida are regularly attacked by birds as they search for females on lawns but which bird species feeds on the beetle changes from year to year. In 2018 for the first time on a farm in northern Virginia, brown thrashers (Toxostomum rufum) joined blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata) as major predators of the beetles. The two species employed very different tactics when hunting for June beetles, with the thrashers searching while walking forward on the mowed lawn while the jays scanned for beetles when perched in trees about the lawn. The beetles became very scarce at the lawn in early July in 2017 and 2018 and their predators apparently moved elsewhere. Subsequently, male beetles were occasionally observed patrolling a nearby hayfield in search of mates with rare copulations recorded after July 15. Because predatory birds could not exploit the beetles in the tall grass of the hayfield it seems likely that the mowed lawn constituted an evolutionarily novel ecological trap which made searching beetles conspicuous and easily captured by beetle-hunting birds.     

Predatory behaviour in Deltochilum: convergent evolution or a primitive character within a clade?

We present data on predatory behaviour in Deltochilum cupreicolle viridescens, which belongs to the subgenus Aganhyboma, and we contrast it with the behaviour of a species from the subgenus Deltohyboma. By this comparison we can investigate whether the predatory behaviour in Deltochilum could have appeared independently in these two subgenera, or if the behaviour is so similar that it suggests a single origin in a possible ancestor exclusive to those two groups. These laboratory studies on the behaviour of Deltochilum c. viridescens individuals on diplopods are described and divided into the following stages: (1) approach and recognition of the diplopod; (2) attack and death of the prey; (3) on-site feeding; (4) transport of the diplopod. The results found here strengthen the hypothesis of a primitive and highly specialized behaviour within a possible clade formed by the predatory species of Diplopoda.     

水浸处理原木杀虫机理的研究

通过对水浸处理原木杀虫效果，所产生的有毒气体和水中溶解氧含量变化的测定试验，得出了水浸处理原木杀虫机理。即在一定气温条件下，水浸处理的原木中有机质不断氧化，耗除了水中溶解氧及虫孔中的氧气，使害虫窒息死亡；同时由于氧化产生了大量的有毒气体（如H2S、SO2、CO等）渗入虫孔及组织中，从而加速了有害生物死亡。结论认为水浸处理原木可以达到检疫杀虫的目的。     

湿地松粉蚧自然种群动态与环境因子关系的研究

湿地松粉蚧Oracellaacuta是一种新入侵森林害虫。在广东,每年有4～5代,以4代为主。种群增长指数越冬代最大,Iδ=5 16,第3代次之,Iδ=1 67,第1、2代较低,分别为0 98和0 74。每年5-7月自然种群密度最大,8月中下旬后,种群密度大幅度下降,9、10月密度最低,11、12月密度逐渐回升。温度、降雨和针叶营养成份N、K质量分数对自然种群密度变动有明显的影响。在22～28 5℃范围内,雌虫平均寿命、存活率、产卵率和中、高龄若虫的存活率都随温度增加而下降,呈显著负相关,r分别为-0 9590,-0 9920,-0 9660,-0 9970,-0 9980(P0 05=0 9500,P0 01=0 9900)。连续降雨24h雨量20mm以上,能大幅度降低中、低龄若虫的存活量,降雨前后中低龄若虫数量变化极显著(F值为8 92,P<0 01)。但对已固定的雌成虫和高龄若虫影响不明显。种群密度大小与针叶中N、K质量分数成正相关,与N质量分数的相关极显著,平均每梢雌虫密度为23～137头时,r=0 8630(P0 01=0 8343),平均每梢雌虫2～45头时,r=0 9620。受害松针中N、K质量分数和未受害松针中的N、K质量分数的差异也极为显著,t检验,N的t值为3 6978(P0 05=2 776),K的t值为3 2407。温度、降雨和针叶养分(N)的变化综合作用,对湿地松粉蚧雌虫平均寿命、存活率、产卵率和若虫的存活率有极明显影响,是造     

清代壮族女文人韦懿贞研究

韦懿贞是清代广西本土壮族女性文人,是清末粤西女性作家群中作品存世最多的一位,她所有的诗词创作被后人收录于《倚松居烬存草》,此书的序跋有韦懿贞生平事迹的介绍和后人对她的诗词创作的好评,她的诗词内容丰富风趣,感情真挚动人,风格清丽婉约,最有较高的文学艺术价值。     

Host tree unsuitability recognized by pine shoot beetles in flight

Summary In spring, the landing rate of flying European pine shoot beetles,Tomicus piniperda L., on injured Scots pine diminishes as colonization continues. This is due to olfactory cues that indicate progressive host degradation. Verbenone was shown to play a role in the beetle's recognition of this unsuitability of a formerly suitable host, since the compound was increasingly released from colonized tree sections as they aged, but not from uninfested sections. Also, the release of verbenone at natural rates in the forest inhibited the attraction of beetles to host monoterpenes.