青海云杉种实害虫化学防治技术

青海云杉（Picea crassifola kom.)种实害虫的优势种是云杉球果小卷蛾（Rseudotomides strobilellus)，严重的害区平均虫果率达81．6％，是化学防治的主要对象。试验分别对面积较大、郁闭度高、树林高大的林分，面积小、郁闭度低，树体较矮的母树林或种子园及虫害程度中等或轻微的稀疏、低矮林分进行了防治试验，取得了较好的效果。     

Changes of Soil Enzyme Activities in Different Restoration Ages of Spruce Forests on the Eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Six soil enzymes (invertase, acid phosphatase, proteinase, catalase, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase ) were chosen for investigation under different spruce forests with restoration ages of 4,10,16 years and an old-growth spruce forest over 400 years old in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Results showed that the activities of invertase, phosphatase, proteinase, catalase and peroxidase decreased in newly restored forests except for pholyphenoloxidase. With the development of forests after restoration, the activities of invertase, acid phosphadase, proteinase increased gradually. Our study also indicated that the soil enzyme activities were associated with surface soils and decreased with depths. This result suggested that in the earlier restoration stage the application of organic fertilizer may be more effective by surface addition to soils than deep addition.     

TMS天目丝有机肥在红皮云杉育苗中的应用

应用Tms天目丝有机肥进行红皮云杉育苗,最佳质量浓度是1000mg/L,浸根6h,与常规育苗相比,高生长平均增加23.66%,地径生长平均增加14.89%.     

青海云杉自由授粉家系遗传变异与基于BLUP的改良代亲本选择

【目的】最佳线性无偏预测(BLUP)方法是对遗传种质在不平衡环境下利用混合线性模型方程对育种值进行无偏预测,可有效估算与剔除环境效应,反映真实遗传效应,有较高精确性。应用BLUP方法估算育种值用于改良代亲本选择,对于青海云杉的遗传改良具有积极的参考价值。【方法】本研究在对13 a和14 a的两批青海云杉种子园自由授粉子代测定林的树高遗传分析基础上,利用BLUP方法,通过构建亲缘关系矩阵,对树高育种值进行估测。【结果】结果表明家系及家系和区组互作效应显著影响树高。两批青海云杉种子园自由授粉子代树高的家系遗传力分别为0.17和0.36,单株遗传力均为0.07。基于混合线性模型的BLUP方法估算家系亲本无性系树高育种值和真实树高、单株树高预测值和真实值均具有极显著相关关系,相关系数分别为0.99和0.86。根据家系亲本无性系育种值选出20个优良家系,根据优良家系后向选择母本无性系建立改良种子园的树高现实遗传增益分别为36%和26%。根据单株树高育种值采用配合选择方法从两批家系试验林各选出20个改良代优树,根据前向选择子代优良单株的树高预期遗传增益分别为7.6%和7.9%。【结论】对比后向选择和前向选择树高的遗传增益发现,青海云杉高世代育种中可优先后向选择,选择优良家系母本无性系建立1.5代改良代种子园。     

‘Waldsterben’, part IV (continuing series)

Summary Peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, and ascorbic acid content, were measured in both intercellular fluid and cell material of current and 1-year-old needles of Norway spruce saplings treated with ozone, ambient air and activated carbon-filtered air in outdoor fumigation chambers. Ethylene evolution was also compared. Plants from carbon-filtered air treatments had significantly lower enzyme activities and higher ascorbic acid content. These changes were more marked in intercellular fluid than in cell material. Significant changes were noted at ozone levels typical of ambient air quality in a typical urban area. These results suggest the need for simultaneous screening of several biochemical markers as a way of overcoming the lack of specificity of any single marker for the identification of a perturbation by a particular stress, such as ozone.Acknowledgments. This work was supported in part by Grant Number 4849-0.85 (NFP 14) from the Swiss National Fund of Scientific Research. We thank Dr. F. Cupelin and Dr. J. Cl. Landry from the Service d'Ecotoxicologie, Genève, who provided the facilities for the monitoring of ozone levels. We also thank A. Mesrobian, A. Rossier and D. Voluntaru for technical assistance. Du Pont de Nemours International is gratefully acknowledged for the gift of TEDLAR (polyvinyl fluoride film) to build up the fumigation chambers.     

内蒙古白音敖包沙地云杉生长季非结构性碳水化合物含量动态

为更好地了解我国北方常绿针叶树中非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)的季节动态变化规律, 以我国特有树种--沙地云杉(Picea mongolica)为研究对象, 对生长季沙地云杉叶、枝、根、树皮等不同器官中的NSC 含量进行测定。结果显示, 沙地云杉不同器官中淀粉含量的变化规律基本上一致, 5 月达到最大值, 此后逐渐下降, 8-10 月均维持在较低水平, 说明芽萌发时所需的淀粉可能来自4-5 月光合产物的积累; 可溶性糖含量在 5 月略低, 此后逐渐上升, 10 月达到最高, 增加的可溶性糖可能并非来自当年生长期结束前所积累的淀粉。分析结果表明, 温度、降水等气候因子与沙地云杉不同器官中淀粉、可溶性糖及 NSC 含量的相关性并不显著。     

使用 MiVnt图像分析系统进行树木 年轮细胞特征研究的尝试

以芦芽山白杄(Picea meyeri)的树轮样本作为对象,尝试使用MiVnt图像分析系统观测树轮细胞特征.建立了包含树轮宽度、细胞数目、细胞大小、最大细胞大小、最小细胞大小、早材细胞数目、晚材细胞数目在内的7个树轮年表.结果表明,树轮宽度、细胞数目和早材细胞数目年表具有较高的气候信息质量.晚材细胞数目年表与其余年表之间具有负相关关系,表明细胞特征可以体现与树轮宽度不同的气候信息.除晚材细胞数目年表外,其余年表均与生长季气温呈负相关,与降水呈正相关,体现了土壤干旱对树木生长的限制.晚材细胞数目年表与生长季末期的降水显著负相关,体现了生长季末期气候条件对形成层细胞的影响.本文是研究树木生长与气候因子关系的有益补充.