一株土壤源高产植酸酶芽孢杆菌的分离与鉴定

对河南省不同地点采集的45份土样,利用分离培养基对产植酸酶芽孢杆菌进行分离和纯化,采用钒钼酸铵法测定其酶活,结合菌落和显微形态、生理生化试验和16S rDNA序列鉴定其种属。鉴定结果表明:从分离的80余株菌中筛选获得一株有较大植酸酶酶活的菌株B.Ld2-C,植酸酶酶活为552 U/mL。经鉴定为纺锤形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(B.sphaericus),能形成芽孢,而且该菌株能够耐受较强的酸、胆盐和高温,为研究其作为饲料添加剂菌种奠定了良好基础。     

植酸酶在水产养殖中的应用(综述)

从植酸酶对水产动物生长性能、磷及其它矿物质生物利用、水产动物饲料营养消化率、水产动物体成分、水产动物血液生化指标等的影响和降低磷酸二氢钙用量,减少环境污染方面综述了新型饲料添加剂植酸酶的作用。探讨了水产饵料中添加植酸酶的最适添加量问题和植酸酶的活性问题。从提高水产动物饲料利用率;减少环境污染,保护生态平衡等方面阐述了植酸酶在水产养殖中的应用前景。     

Phytate: impact on environment and human nutrition. A challenge for molecular breeding

Phytic acid （PA） is the primary storage compound of phosphorus in seeds accounting for up to 80% of the total seed phosphorus and contributing as much as 1.5% to the seed dry weight. The negatively charged phosphate in PA strongly binds to metallic cations of Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn and Zn making them insoluble and thus unavailable as nutritional factors. Phytate mainly accumulates in protein storage vacuoles as globoids, predominantly located in the aleurone layer （wheat, barley and rice） or in the embryo （maize）. During germination, phytate is hydrolysed by endogenous phytase（s） and other phosphatases to release phosphate, inositol and micronutrients to support the emerging seedling. PA and its derivatives are also implicated in RNA export, DNA repair, signalling, endocytosis and cell vesicular trafficking. Our recent studies on purification of phytate globoids, their mineral composition and dephytinization by wheat phytase will be discussed. Biochemical data for purified and characterized phytases isolated from more than 23 plant species are presented, the dephosphorylation pathways of phytic acid by different classes of phytases are compared, and the application of phytase in food and feed is discussed.     

Treatment of zinc deficiency without zinc fortification

Zinc （Zn） deficiency in animals became of interest until the 1950s. In this paper, progresses in researches on physiology of Zn deficiency in animals, phytate effect on bioavailability of Zn, and role of phytase in healing Zn deficiency of animals were reviewed. Several studies demonstrated that Zn is recycled via the pancreas; the problem of Zn deficiency was controlled by Zn homeostasis. The endogenous secretion of Zn is considered as an important factor influencing Zn deficiency, and the critical molar ratio is 10. Phytate （inositol hexaphosphate） constituted up to 90% of the organically bound phosphorus in seeds. Great improvement has been made in recent years on isolating and measuring phytate, and its structure is clear. Phytate is considered to reduce Zn bioavailability in animal. Phytase is the enzyme that hydrolyzes phytate and is present in yeast, rye bran, wheat bran, barley, triticale, and many bacteria and fungi. Zinc nutrition and bioavailability can be enhanced by addition of phytase to animal feeds. Therefore, using phytase as supplements, the most prevalent Zn deficiency in animals may be effectively corrected without the mining and smelting of several tons of zinc daily needed to correct this deficiency by fortification worldwide.     

基因工程菌产植酸酶(phytA)的纯化及性质初步研究

基因工程酵母菌Y8经发酵，硫酸铵分级沉淀，凝胶过滤层析及阴离子交换层析分离纯化，获得了电泳纯的植酸酶（PhytA)。此酶的分子量约为69.5kD,pI为4.5，最适pH为2.4，最适温度为65℃。与原始出发菌株相比，其最适pH值及等电点相似，但分子量增大，耐热性显著提高。     

产植酸酶青霉菌株的诱变研究

对产植酸酶的青霉菌株Ａ２进行了诱变研究。分别以ＨＮＯ２－ＵＶ和ＵＶ－５Ｂｕ复合处理，进行了二轮诱变筛选后，得到高于Ａ２５０％以上的变异株６株，其中Ａ２－ＵＶ５９－２０株的酶活达０．８１２±０．０１９ｕ／ｍｌ，为出发菌株Ａ２的二倍多。     

青霉菌产植酸酶液体发酵条件研究

从油脂废料中分离到一株产植酸酶的青霉菌株。研究了不同碳源，氮源对青霉菌液体发酵产植酸酶的影响。结果最佳碳源为蔗糖，玉米淀粉。最佳氮源为硝酸铵、蛋白胨。通过正交试验获得适于产植酸酶的液体培养基的配方为：玉米淀粉２％，蔗糖１．５％，蛋白胨１％，硝酸铵０．２％以及少许无机盐。在此基础上，对其他影响植酸酶产生的因素也作了研究。     

植酸酶液体发酵条件及酶学性质的研究

植酸酶产生菌黑曲霉 90 3(Aspergillusniger)的最适产酶条件 :初始pH5 .0～ 6 .5 ,温度2 9± 1℃ ,培养时间 4d ,2 5 0ml三角瓶发酵液的装量为 5 0ml,一定量的Fe2 +和Mn2 +对产酶有促进作用 ;酶的最适作用pH为 5 .5～ 6 .0 ,最适作用温度为 37℃ ,该酶在 pH3.0～ 7.0 ,温度 30～ 5 0℃时稳定性较好。     

利用酶法生产肌醇初步研究

植酸酶能将植酸及其二价盐类菲丁水解生成磷脂酰肌醇,在磷酸酯酶的继续作用下,磷脂酰肌醇被分解为肌醇。无花果曲霉能同时分泌植酸酶和磷酸酯酶。通过对无花果曲霉（Ａ．ｆｉｃｕｕｍＡ．ｓ３．３２４）产生植酸酶和磷酸酯酶条件的研究,在确定的最佳条件下,植酸酶和磷酸酯酶活力分别达到５．７ｕ／ｍＬ、０．５３３ｕ／ｍＬ。用所得发酵液水解菲丁制备肌醇,使肌醇的转化率达１０．３％。