Identification of a new predaceous stink bug pheromone and its attractiveness to the eastern yellowjacket

Summary Males ofPodisus fretus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) release a long-range attractant pheromone containing linalool (49.0%), (E)-2-hexenal (34.5%), benzyl alcohol (12.0%), nerolidol (2.0%),-terpineol (1.1%), and traces of several other compounds. The eastern yellowjacket,Vespula maculifrons (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), is attracted to artificial pheromones forP. fretus and for the sympatric species,Podisus maculiventris.The authors thank Mr T.J. Henry of the USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory and Dr J.E. McPherson, Southern Illinois University, for examining the pentatomid species and Dr A.S. Menke, USDA-SEL, for determining the yellowjacket species. We also thank S. Wilzer for technical assistance. Mention of a company name does not imply endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture.     

Enzymatic processing of pheromones and pheromone analogs

Summary Pheromone perception requires rapid enzymatic degradation of the active chemical signal in the sensory hairs. Three insects are used to illustrate chemical approaches to studying the degradation of pheromones by antennal enzymes. First, hydrolysis of acetate and haloacetate esters is examined in the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella. Second, aldehyde oxidation and the selective inhibition of the oxidase and dehydrogenase activities are described for the tobacco budworm moth,Heliothis virescens. Finally, a stereochemical analysis of the epoxide-hydrase catalyzed addition of a water molecule to the oxirane ring of disparlure is described for the gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar.     

o-Aminoacetophenone,a pheromone that repels honeybees (Apis mellifera L.)

Summary o-Aminoacetophenone is a pheromone produced by virgin honeybee queens and released with feces. In small social groups, the pheromone repels and is used to terminate agonistic interactions between queens and workers.     

Confirmation of sex pheromone biosynthesis from (16-D3)palmitic acid in the turnip moth using capillary gas chromatography

Summary (16-D₃)palmitic acid was applied topically to pheromone glands of the turnip moth. After incubation omega labeled analogues of fatty acid methyl esters and acetates were identified by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and selected ion monitoring. The pheromone components (Z)-5-decenyl, (Z)-7-dodecenyl- and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate were all biosynthesized from palmitic acid along a common pathway.     

基于蚁群信息素的混合遗传算法

针对遗传算法无法利用系统中的反馈信息,求解到一定范围时出现的冗余迭代,求精确解效率低,局部搜索能力弱、易出现"早熟"现象等缺点,提出了采用蚁群信息素对均匀划分子空间进行标定,利用留存的信息素控制选择操作,采用双重选择算子、基于"杂交优势"思想的交叉算子和自适应变异算子的混合遗传算法.实验表明,采用该算法的分类系统的分类准确率、算法运行时间、算法收敛性等方面性能均有明显提高.     

Pheromone binding proteins of the mouse,Mus musculus

Proteins of the Major Urinary Complex of the adult male mouse (Mus musculus) selectively bind the male pheromones 2-(sec-butyl)thiazoline and dehydro-exo-brevicomin, and concentrate them in urine.     

Regulatory steps in sex pheromone biosynthesis inMamestra brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Summary The de novo biosynthesis of (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, the most abundant pheromone component inM. brassicae, starting from acetate via palmitic acid, requires the presence of a pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neurohormone. Moreover, the conversion of palmitic acid to (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate is strongly dependent on the presence of the neurohormone. However, no significant dependence was found for the conversion of (Z)-11-hexadecenoic acid to (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate. This indicates that the neurohormonal control of pheromone biosynthesis inM. brassicae occurs at the level of palmitic acid.     

基于蚁群算法的一类扩展型TSP研究

旅行售货问题（TSP）是经典的组合优化难题，本文研究它的一种推广模型，蚁群算法是近年来发展起来的一种新型的启发式随机优化搜索算法，本文在蚁群算法中采用了优势个体指导机制，实验模拟结果显示算法的有效性。     

甘蔗条螟性外激素分泌腺研究

本文通过扫描电镜及光学显微镜观察了甘蔗条螟性外激素分泌腺的形态及组织的结构.甘蔗条螟性外激素腺十分发达,位于腹部第8—9节背面的节间膜上,是由该处节间膜部分细胞特化而成,属褶叠型腺体。外翻后,腺体的切面呈半球形.同时还观察描述了腺体各部份的形态结构.     

关于蚁群算法的探讨

蚁群算法是一种新型的启发式算法,具有正反馈、分布式计算和用于贪婪搜索的特点,因而具有较强的鲁棒性和搜索性,已广泛地应用于人工智能、系统控制、模式识别等工程领域,本文阐述了蚁群算法的基本原理,给出了现有的各种改进的算法,并展望了蚁群算法的发展方向.