云南镇安新生代盆地含煤沉积特征

在云南龙陵镇安狭长的山间盆地内,发育着一套以粗碎屑岩为主并含巨厚褐煤层的含煤建造,外表根像河流成煤环境,为此颇有争议。本文通过对该区成煤期构造、气候、植物、水文条件及其地理环境的研究分析,认为此粗屑物质并非通常所说的河流沉积物,是大量边缘互相重量入湖的冲积扇沉积,是个特殊的扇湖成煤环境。由于盆地小,相分异差,搬运短,含煤建造和湖沼是以粗碎屑岩为主。故它不同于国内外一般扇间湾和扇三角洲平原成煤。     

抚顺煤田煤相研究

本文通过对煤的宏观及微观分析、测定,依据煤相划分的标志,研究了煤层形成环境据此把抚顺矿区主要煤层划分为四种煤相,并解释了它们的形成条件。     

贵州省独山湿地保护区两个主要沼泽植被类型地被层持水量研究

经过研究,藓类沼泽地被层的平均蓄积量为44.69 t/hm2,沼泽化草甸为11.24 t/hm2.沼泽植被地被层的持水量与蓄积量成正比,蓄积量大的样地,持水量也大,藓类沼泽的最大持水量在25.79 ～ 120.01 t/hm2之间,平均69.55 t/hm2,沼泽化草甸的最大持水量在10.27 ～ 62.82 t/hm2之间,平均37.92 t/hm2.沼泽植被地被层持水量随时间的推移会逐渐减少至恒定,在室内试验条件下,20天时持水量基本恒定.     

泥炭沼泽学若干基本概念的再认识

综合国内外有关研究成果,比较和区别了泥炭沼泽学的若干基本概念.泥炭沼泽是自然或人为干扰较少的积累泥炭的生态系统,而泥炭地则可以有较强人为干扰.雨养泥炭沼泽营养补给主要源于大气降水,矿养泥炭沼泽则主要接受地表水和地下水补给.部分木本植物沼泽和挺水植物沼泽属于泥炭沼泽的范畴,但在北半球,挺水植物沼泽并非主要的积累泥炭的湿地类型.低、中和高位泥炭沼泽是针对泥炭沼泽的地貌形态而言的,不应与泥炭沼泽的发育阶段建立普遍而严格的联系.富、中和贫营养泥炭沼泽概念的使用应慎重,只有通过水化学测试才能准确确定泥炭沼泽的营养状况.同时浅析了造成泥炭沼泽学中若干概念混淆或误解的主要原因.     

酒精和冷冻处理对肌肉组织基因组DNA提取的影响

提取基因组DNA的质量对于后续的基因扩增、酶切以及测序等分子生物学研究具有关键的影响,对肌肉组织进行不同的酒精和冷冻处理会显著影响提取DNA的质量。经过-80℃超低温冷冻数日的黄鳝样品解冻,取肌肉组织放入75%酒精处理后提取的基因组DNA完整性差、降解厉害;经过-80℃超低温冷冻数日的黄鳝样品直接取肌肉组织提取的基因组DNA比较完整、降解程度低;活体采取的黄鳝新鲜肌肉组织样品经过75%酒精处理,在-80℃超低温冷冻数日然后提取的基因组DNA质量也较好,电泳条带明晰而锐利,弥散降解带较少。后两种处理方法对黄鳝肌肉组织中DNA酶活性降低显著,因此提取的肌肉组织基因组DNA质量较高,可以有力支持后续的酶切、PCR扩增等分子生物学实验。     

印度尼西亚BINJAI沼泽区地震采集技术研究

印度尼西亚BINJAI区块地表广泛分布沼泽相,是典型的沼泽区。针对工区复杂的地震地质条件,提出相应的技术对策。首先对采集参数如采样率、道间距、最大炮检距、动校拉伸、速度精度、反射系数等进行了详细论证,根据论证结果选择观测系统进行资料采集,并对地震资料进行了相位、振幅、频率一致性处理,取得比较满意的剖面效果。     

Compositions of aliphatic des-A-triterpenes in the Hani peat deposit,Northeast China and its biological significance

Aliphatic des-A-triterpenes, the degradation products of pentacyclic triterpenes have been tentatively assigned in samples taken from a 963-cm-thick peat sequence from the Hani region of Northeast China using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in order to understand and identify these des-A-triterpenes response to climate and ecology. The study indicates that aliphatic des-A-triterpenes are abundant in the Hani peat bog. The high relative abundance of the total des-A-triterpenes mainly occurs at the Holocene periods and is corresponding to the low sedimentation rate. The mechanism of des-A-triterpenes accumulation is not consistent with the previous studies. It is proposed that the biological community is also one influence factor. The obvious stage variations of the total des-A-triterpenes in the whole sequence reveal the different biological (microbes and plants) processes and responses, possibly revealing the four large replacements of biological community and functional composition in the swamp environment over the 16000 cal a BP. The low total des-A-triterpenes values occur at about 10200, 8700, 7700, 6600, 4480–3940 and 3040 cal a BP, reflecting the multiple millennial micro-environment oscillations under the macro-environment of the swamp during the Holocene. The ratios of diene and monoene des-A-triterpenes (DT/MT), des-A-lupane and diene and monoene des-A-triterpenes (DL/(DT+MT)), ratios of individual compounds exhibit vertical opposite to the total des-A-triterpenes. Namely, these ratios are high during the last deglaciation and late Holocene whereas they are low at other periods, indicating different compounds have different responses to micro-environment and microbial activities. This study discusses the diversity of biological community and biological functional composition response to micro-environment, which not only provides the complement in Northeast China, but also bears important fundamental information for the implication to ecological environment in the future.     

重金属在土壤中的形态分布及其在空心菜中的富集研究

通过盆栽实验,研究了Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd在空心菜中的富集作用,并采用BCR提取方法,对盆栽土壤中4种重金属的化学形态进行了分析.研究结果表明,Cd主要以水溶态、可交换态、碳酸盐结合态和Fe-Mn氧化物结合态为主;Pb主要以残渣态为主;Zn主要以残渣态和水溶态、可交换态、碳酸盐结合态为主;Cu在土壤中的形态分布与土壤中Cu的含量有关.4种重金属的生物有效性表现为Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb.重金属在空心菜中的吸收富集能力与土壤中重金属的形态,尤其是水溶态、可交换态、碳酸盐结合态关系密切.空心菜中重金属富集系数大小表现为Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb.空心菜地下部4种重金属富集系数远远高于地上部.     

九龙江口红树林区表层沉积物中多环芳烃含量与来源

测定了福建省九龙江口7个红树林湿地站位表层沉积物中16种优控PAHs的含量．用微波萃取法萃取，用GG-MS法检测．探讨了各站位PAHs的主要来源，并通过与其他典型地区污染状况的比较，分析了研究区内PAHs的含量水平．     

Natural history of Peucetia flava (Araneae,Oxyopidae): seasonal density fluctuation,phenology and sex ratio on the glandular plant Rhyncanthera dichotoma (Melastomataceae)

The seasonal density fluctuation, phenology and sex ratio of Peucetia flava (Oxyopidae) on Rhyncanthera dichotoma (Melastomataceae) were investigated during a year in a swamp in southeastern Brazil. Peucetia flava displayed an unusual non‐seasonal life cycle and the population size varied little over the year. The density of Peucetia spiders increased with the increase in abundance of leaves and number of arthropods adhered to glandular trichomes on R. dichotoma leaves. Our findings suggest that seasonal density fluctuation of Peucetia may be influenced by foraging site availability (i.e. leaves) and prey supply (i.e. arthropods adhering to glandular trichomes). The unusual seasonal stability of P. flava may be related to the type of habitat in which this spider occurs (swamp), because of the constant input of allochthonous resources from the water source, i.e. aquatic insects that migrate to the terrestrial environment.