副交感神经节细胞5─羟色胺去极化反应的离子基础

使用离体细胞内记录，研究了猫副交感性胰腺神经节细胞的５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）去极化反应及其离子基础。５－ＨＴ使大部份细胞（４７／５１）产生去极化反应。反应只有两种类型：快去极化（６／４７）及慢去极化（３５／４７），另有６个细胞出现先快、后慢的双相去极化反应；５－ＨＴ导致的快去极化伴有膜电阻减小，向细胞内通以超极化直流电形成条件性膜超极时其幅度增大，提示Ｎａ＋导增大是其离子基础；５－ＨＴ导致的不同细胞的慢去极化分别伴随膜电阻增大、减小或不变，条件性膜超极时其幅度分别增大或不变，提示不是单一离子、而是多种离子参与其形成。分别用低Ｎａ＋、高Ｋ＋溶液灌注神经节，５－ＨＴ慢去极化均明显减小，而低Ｃｌ－溶液则无明显效应，表明Ｎａ＋导增大和／或Ｋ＋导减少是５－ＨＴ慢去极化的离子基础。     

Elastase digested urokinase (ED-UK)

Summary Elastase digested urokinase (ED-UK) was prepared from human high mol. wt urokinase (HMW-UK). It resembled low mol. wt urokinase (LMW-UK) in its mol. wt, specific activity, and active sites. The steady-state kinetic parameters of each enzyme for the activation of human Glu-plasminogen also resembled each other, as did their amidase parameters (with pyro-Glu-Gly-Arg-pNA).     

Cytosolic free Ca2+ in insulin secreting cells and its regulation by isolated organelles

Summary The role of Ca²⁺ in secretagogue-induced insulin release is documented not only by the measurements of⁴⁵Ca fluxes in pancreatic islets, but also, by direct monitoring of cytosolic free Ca²⁺, [Ca²⁺]_i. As demonstrated, using the fluorescent indicator quin 2, glyceraldehyde, carbamylcholine and alanine raise [Ca²⁺]_i in the insulin secreting cell line RINm5F, whereas glucose has a similar effect in pancreatic islet cells. The regulation of cellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis by organelles from a rat insulinoma, was investigated with a Ca²⁺ selective electrode. The results suggest that both the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria participate in this regulation, albeit at different Ca²⁺ concentrations. By contrast, the secretory granules do not appear to be involved in the short-term regulation of [Ca²⁺]_i. Evidence is presented that inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, which is shown to mobilize Ca²⁺ from the endoplasmic reticulum, is acting as an intracellular mediator in the stimulation of insulin release.     

More on the need for circadian,circaseptan and circannual optimization of cyclosporine therapy

Summary Cyclosporine chronotherapy of pancreas-allotransplanted rats revealed, beyond a circadian stage-dependence of equal daily doses, further gain in graft function from doses varying from day to day with an about 7-day periodicity, the first highest dose being given on the 3rd or 5th day after surgery.     

N-Monomethyl-arginine and nicotinamide prevent streptozotocin-induced double strand DNA break formation in pancreatic rat islets

The impact of short term in vitro exposure to the diabetogenic drug streptozotocin on pancreatic islet glucose metabolism, insulin secretion, DNA fragmentation and cell viability, was studied. Streptozotocin impaired cell viability as well as insulin secretion and the oxidation of glucose. These effects were partially counteracted by inhibition of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase with N-monomethyl-arginine and by scavenging oxygen free radicals with nicotinamide. Isolated islets underwent double strand DNA fragmentation after 24 h in culture. The degree of DNA breakdown was strongly enhanced by exposure of the islet DNA was obtained with N-monomethyl-arginine and nicotinamide. These data suggest that the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species is involved in the deleterious action of streptozotocin on pancreatic islet tissue. A role for oxygen radicals generated during streptozotocin-induced islet cell damage as possible mediators of the expression of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase and the scavenging action of nicotinamide on these radicals, is then proposed.     

水生动物双RNA病毒的研究进展

水生动物双RNA病毒（ Aquabirnavirus,ABV）隶属双RNA病毒科Birnaviridae,是一类可引起水生动物爆发传染性病毒病的病原,在世界范围内给水产养殖业造成了巨大损失,其代表种为传染性胰脏坏死病毒（ Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus,IPNV）。ABV的基因组包括两段分节的RNA,以负链RNA为模板进行病毒基因组复制,编码5种成熟的蛋白;本文结合ABV的功能基因、致病机理、诊断检测及免疫防治等近年研究的热点做一综述,以期为研究者提供参考。     

肿瘤相关性胰蛋白酶原-2在胰腺癌初筛中的意义

摘要: 目的 研究胰腺癌患者血清肿瘤相关胰蛋白酶原-2在胰腺癌初筛中的意义。方法 收集北京军区总医院23例胰腺癌住院患者的治疗前血清标本和35 例正常对照者（健康体检者）血清标本。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清胰蛋白酶原-2含量。结果 血清胰蛋白酶原-2含量在正常对照组中位数为0.8ug/L,四分位间距0.6～1.2μg /L; 胰腺癌患者中位数为13.8μg /L,四分位间距2.3～60.7μg/L。胰腺癌组和正常对照组血清胰蛋白酶原-2水平有统计学差异( P＜0.01) 。以1.85ug /L为临界值作为诊断胰腺癌界定值的敏感度为91.4%,特异度为95.7%。结论 血清胰蛋白酶原-2检测可作为胰腺癌的一种初筛试验。     

胰管结石手术治疗及胰管整形的应用研究

目的探讨胰管结石的手术治疗方法及胰管整形的应用价值。方法回顾性分析1997年1月～2009年6月43例胰管结石患者的临床资料。结果本组43例均行手术治疗,17例于术中对胰管行各类整形术。术后胰瘘1例,无死亡,随访未发现胰管结石复发。结论胰管结石的诊治需注意结石的多态性、合并胰腺癌的可能性及胰管的解剖学变异;手术中对胰管进行整形是必要且安全的。