Progress in study on irrigation practice with saline groundwater on sandlands of Taklimakan Desert Hinterland

The study on the distribution and dynamic changes of soil moistures and salts under different irrigating methods and managements of using saline groundwater on the sand lands of the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert, started in 1997. The results show that drip irrigation can be applied to seedlings (furrow irrigation can be applied to level lands) using saline groundwater in the process of constructing the biological shifting sand control system along the de-sert highway in the hinterland of the Taklimakan De-sert; an irrigation frequency of 20 days and an irriga-tion amount of 30 kg/m²·time are suitable to the shifting sand control forest belts at the same year as they were afforested. Along with the increase of forest age, the irrigation norm can be properly in-creased, the irrigation interval can be prolonged.     

科尔沁沙地不同生境条件下大型土壤动物群落多样性特征研究

研究了科尔沁沙地大型土壤动物群落在沙地环境演变过程中的多样性特征.结果表明,在自然情况下,两类生境的转变过程较为缓慢.由半固定沙地向固定沙地的转变过程中,大型土壤动物群落多样性有提高趋势,群落结构趋于复杂化.其中,植食动物和腐食动物的类群数和密度明显增加,捕食动物的类群数尽管没有明显变化,但一些主要类群的密度增加却很突出.与固定沙地和沙质草甸相比,农田中大型土壤动物群落多样性降低,类群数、动物密度减小,腐食动物的类群数增加.因此,在科尔沁沙地开垦和利用农田需要慎重对待.     

鄂尔多斯高原沙地啮齿动物群落资源利用研究—空间资源维利用研究

根据1995年在鄂尔多斯高原库布其沙地不同生境类型上鼠类构成、植被以及土壤因子的调查结果,以对应分析排序（COA）技术分析了沙地啮齿动物群落结构与环境因子的关系,以Levins生态位宽度指数和Petraitis种群生态位重叠指数对常见啮齿动物种群空间生态位进行定量描述。结果表明：相应于该地区最典型的沙地、草原低湿地与农田三种植被类型,相应的鼠类组成依次有三种典型构成,即固定、半固定及流动沙地基本上是以三趾跳鼠、小毛足鼠与子午沙鼠为主,草甸低湿地以五趾跳鼠、黄鼠与黑线仓鼠米,农田及其他人工植被乃至植被条件较好的固定沙地上,以黑线仓鼠为主;三种植被类型上三类鼠的空间生态位存在较在分离。其次,三趾跳鼠、小毛足鼠与子午沙鼠是该地鼠类组成中所占比例最大的三种鼠,也是沙地生境的代表鼠种,它们较适宜栖息生境均在沙地上,它们之间的空间资源生态位重叠程度较大。     

科尔沁沙地现状及沙产业发展前景

本文分析了科尔沁沙地的沙化成因，地理位置分布、地形、土壤、气候条件等；科尔沁沙地沙化现状及治理现状，以及经过多年治理取得的成效。针对这些问题，提出了一些解决的策略。     

飞播对不同沙地原生植被植物种类的影响

本研究通过对内蒙古典型草原区科尔沁沙地北缘的巴林左旗查干哈达苏木不同类型（流动、半流动）的沙地进行植物种类年度变化规律研究，阐明飞播对不同沙地原生植被植物种类的作用，并在飞播区和对照区比较研究的基础上，剖析了植物种类的动态变化、相关植物种的侵入和消减过程．     

Progress in study on irrigation practice with saline groundwater on sandlands of Taklimakan Desert Hinterland

The study on the distribution and dynamic changes of soil moistures and salts under different irrigating methods and managements of using saline groundwater on the sand lands of the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert, started in 1997. The results show that drip irrigation can be applied to seedlings （furrow irrigation can be applied to level lands） using saline groundwater in the process of constructing the biological shifting sand control system along the desert highway in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert; an irrigation frequency of 20 clays and an irrigation amount of 30 kg/m^2.time are suitable to the shifting sand control forest belts at the same year as they were afforested. Along with the increase of forest age, the irrigation norm can be properly increased, the irrigation interval can be prolonged.     

浑善达克沙地稀树疏林草地植被生物量及净初级生产力

 森林和草原等陆地生态系统在全球碳循环中扮演非常重要的角色,而发育在半干旱地区沙地上的疏林草地植被在这方面的作用还不清楚.本文对内蒙古浑善达克沙地榆树(Ulmus pumila L.)疏林草地的生物量、生产力(NPP)以及降水利用效率(RUE)区分不同生境,即固定沙地、半固定沙地、流动沙地、丘间低地、柳灌丛和低湿地进行了研究;分析和比较了植被碳库及NPP的分配情况.结果表明,疏林草地的平均生物量(21.30Mg·hm^-2)与NPP(11.06Mg·hm^-2·a^-1)分别比典型草原地带的平均值高90%和59%,RUE近于后者的2倍,沙地水平上的地下与地上生物量之比为2.9,说明大量的植被碳贮藏于地下,沙地中乔木对生物量和NPP的贡献不大,分别为10%和1.3%,但对于维持疏林草地的完整性具有重要功能.浑善达克沙地的疏林草地生态系统与地带性的典型温带草原不同,应属于一类温带萨王那生态系统类型,合理的管理和恢复措施将有助于其在畜牧业和碳固持方面生态系统服务功能的实现.     

浑善达克沙地草地景观要素空间分布关系及其格局分析

采用以2×2联列表为基础的X2检验、Ochiai指数和孔隙度指数,对浑善达克沙地中的沙丘、草本植被、榆树(Ulmuspumila)和风蚀坑的空间分布关系及格局进行了分析.X2检验结果显示榆树、沙丘、风蚀坑三者在分布上相互之间存在极显著的正关联关系,草本植被的分布分别与榆树、沙丘、风蚀坑的分布之间存在极其显著的负关联关系.这表明榆树对当地沙丘的形成和固定起主要作用.孔隙度分析结果表明,四种景观要素具有偏离随机适度聚集的空间格局.     

河北坝上地区及浑善达克沙地植被演化及其与风沙活动关系

河北坝上及内蒙古浑善达克沙地是环首都生态圈的一部分,也是荒漠化研究的关键区域。前人的研究表明,这一地区的风沙活动大约始于6000年前。虽然这一地区人类开发的历史较短,但近50年来的植被退化速度非常迅速。坝上地区和浑善达克沙地植被退化与北京地区沙尘天气有密切的关系,但详细机理仍有待探讨。作者提出了本区植被退化与荒漠化研究的3个方向：（1）生态样带综合研究;（2）植被演化与风沙活动关系的模型研究;（3）荒漠化时空格局研究。     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with the clonal plants in Mu Us sandland of China

Clonal plants in Mu Us sandland change the sandy enviroment. The clonal plant is a kind of resource in restoration of the Mu Us sandy landscape. Soil samples at depth of 50 cm in the rhizosphere of the clonal plants were collected in 4 replicates at each location and divided into sections corresponding to 0—10, 10—20, 20—30, 30—40 and 40—50 cm depths in two representative sites from north to south in Mu Us sandland, northwestern China, in July 2005. Clonal plants included Psammochloa villosa and Hedysarum laeve. The colonization and ecological distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were investigated in the rhizosphere of clonal plants in Mu Us sandland. The results showed that the clonal plants established well symbiosis with AM fungi; AM fungal species and spatial distribution were significantly related with the host plants and soil factors. Of 16 AM fungal taxa in three genera isolated and identified, Glomus multicaule was only observed in the rhizosphere of Psammochloa villosa; Glomus aggregatum, Glomus hydembadensis, Glomus constrictum and Acaulospora rehmii only appeared in the rhizosphere of Hedysarum leave. The depth of soil layers observably affected the spore density and the frequency of colonization (%F). The maximal %F and spore density occurred in the 10—20 cm layer at the site of Ordos Sandy Land Ecological Station, but which occurred in the 0—10 cm layer in Shanxi Yulin Rare Sandy-plants Conversation Field. AM fungal status and colonization might be used to monitor desertification and soil degradation.