平面曲柄摇杆机构最佳传力性能的设计

本文分析了平面曲柄摇杆机构工作行程的最佳传力条件，给出了优化工作行程最小传动角γＷｍｉｎ的设计公式和图线。为曲柄摇杆机构传力性能的最佳设计提供了依据。     

Mechanisms,the interventionist theory,and the ability to use causal relationships

In the area of social science, in particular, although we have developed methods for reliably discovering the existence of causal relationships, we are not very good at using these to design effective social policy. Cartwright argues that in order to improve our ability to use causal relationships, it is essential to develop a theory of causation that makes explicit the connections between the nature of causation, our best methods for discovering causal relationships, and the uses to which these are put. I argue that Woodward's interventionist theory of causation is uniquely suited to meet Cartwright's challenge. More specifically, interventionist mechanisms can provide the bridge from ‘hunting causes’ to ‘using them’, if interventionists (i) tell us more about the nature of these mechanisms, and (ii) endorse the claim that it is these mechanisms—or whatever constitutes them—that make causal claims true. I illustrate how having an understanding of interventionist mechanisms can allow us to put causal knowledge to use via a detailed example from organic chemistry.     

基于Inventor的平面机构运动分析与仿真

随着运动模拟和分析软件取得稳步发展,将其作为完全集成的设计验证要素,在产品开发流程中进行运用的条件已经成熟,而且运用设计软件进行运动分析和模拟在成功开发产品过程中起着重要作用。本文以牛头刨床六杆机构为例介绍利用Inventor2008软件实现平面机构运动仿真的方法和步骤。利用Inventor2008软件的运动仿真模块,可以得到机构各构件上各点的位移、速度、加速度、力、力矩的准确数据,为机构的优化设计提供了参考依据。     

基于ASP的学校新闻网管理系统的设计与实现

高校新闻网是高校进行学校宣传、扩大学校影响、提升学校形象的立体平台,利用ASP技术开发的新闻网管理系统,可实现对网站新闻动态、安全、及时、高效的管理,对系统的设计方案和技术实现进行了介绍,并对网站安全控制机制做了详细的分析。     

Collaborative explanation,explanatory roles,and scientific explaining in practice

Scientific explanation is a perennial topic in philosophy of science, but the literature has fragmented into specialized discussions in different scientific disciplines. An increasing attention to scientific practice by philosophers is (in part) responsible for this fragmentation and has put pressure on criteria of adequacy for philosophical accounts of explanation, usually demanding some form of pluralism. This commentary examines the arguments offered by Fagan and Woody with respect to explanation and understanding in scientific practice. I begin by scrutinizing Fagan's concept of collaborative explanation, highlighting its distinctive advantages and expressing concern about several of its assumptions. Then I analyze Woody's attempt to reorient discussions of scientific explanation around functional considerations, elaborating on the wider implications of this methodological recommendation. I conclude with reflections on synergies and tensions that emerge when the two papers are juxtaposed and how these draw attention to critical issues that confront ongoing philosophical analyses of scientific explanation.     

Collaborative explanation and biological mechanisms

This paper motivates and outlines a new account of scientific explanation, which I term ‘collaborative explanation.’ My approach is pluralist: I do not claim that all scientific explanations are collaborative, but only that some important scientific explanations are—notably those of complex organic processes like development. Collaborative explanation is closely related to what philosophers of biology term ‘mechanistic explanation’ (e.g., Machamer et al., Craver, 2007). I begin with minimal conditions for mechanisms: complexity, causality, and multilevel structure. Different accounts of mechanistic explanation interpret and prioritize these conditions in different ways. This framework reveals two distinct varieties of mechanistic explanation: causal and constitutive. The two have heretofore been conflated, with philosophical discussion focusing on the former. This paper addresses the imbalance, using a case study of modeling practices in Systems Biology to reveals key features of constitutive mechanistic explanation. I then propose an analysis of this variety of mechanistic explanation, in terms of collaborative concepts, and sketch the outlines of a general theory of collaborative explanation. I conclude with some reflections on the connection between this variety of explanation and social aspects of scientific practice.     

STUDY ON THE DECHLORINTION MECHANISMS DURING ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF PULP BLEACHERY EFFLUENTS

INTRODUCTIONAt present fifty sorts chemical substances have been determined to influence endocrine system, half of which are chlorides, such as dioxins. The structure of these substances is similar with biologic hormone. When they are taken in body of human, they can destroy hormone balance of biology and result in endocrine disorder, the more serious problem is that they lead to heteroplasia and procreant unconventionality. As people pay more attention to water environment and understand…     

自动武器中滚柱凸轮机构分析的数值法

本文是文[1]的继续。作为这种数值法的应用实例,还对某某高射机枪开锁加油过程进行了分析,用牛顿迭代法解非线性方程组,用龙格—库塔法解机构运动微分方程。在紫金Ⅱ微机上用BASIC语言编制程序计算,取得可靠的结果。     

基于MIDAS Gen的多层钢筋混凝土框架结构倒塌数值模拟分析

汶川地震中大量钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete, RC)框架结构破坏严重,极震区其倒塌率却远超过多层砖混结构。2022年9月以来,四川频发地震,为重新探讨倒塌机理及抗震性能,本文研究通过实地震害及多层RC框架结构破坏形式,结合数值模型并应用MIDAS Gen有限元计算方法,研究了RC框架结构的倒塌机理、地震响应分析。结果表明：框架柱的破坏与屈服是RC框架倒塌的主要因素,模拟增设填充墙,当地震烈度达到10度时,层间位移角大约1/46,降低柱的轴压比,提高柱的破坏延性,增大结构的极限抗侧能力,起到抗震第一道防线的作用,避免整体屈服破坏。     

运动性肌肉损伤的表现、机制及治疗方法的探讨

运动性肌肉损伤是体育运动中常见的一种现象。本文运用文献资料法对运动性肌肉损伤的表现和机制进行了论述,并提出了一些运动性肌肉损伤的治疗方法,为科学有效地治疗运动性肌肉损伤提供参考。