二十世纪上半叶中国农村婚姻制度探微

20世纪上半叶中国社会经历了剧烈的变迁。农村的婚姻制度并没有在择偶方式即“父母之命，媒妁之言”上发生根本的变化。“父母之命”依然代表着农村择偶方式的主流。而在一些交通便利、距离大城市较近的农村，尤其是沿海、沿江的农村地区出现了一些新变化。择偶方式要产生根本的变化将是一个长期的过程。     

Reproductive strategies of two sympatric species of Hyalella Smith, 1874 (Amphipoda,Dogielinotidae) in laboratory conditions

This study was performed in order to test theoretical predictions that sympatric species might show different reproductive strategies to facilitate their coexistence. The duration of precopulatory mate‐guarding behaviour, body size of ovigerous females, embryonic and postembryonic development time, fecundity, and viability of the sympatric amphipod species Hyalella pleoacuta and H. castroi were investigated under laboratory conditions (19±1°C and 12 h light/dark photoperiod). Specimens were collected with nets in autumn and spring 2004, and summer and winter 2005 in the Vale das Trutas, São José dos Ausentes County, southern Brazil, and transported to the laboratory. Both species of Hyalella showed similar reproductive strategies, especially in respect to the duration of the precopula, duration of the embryonic period, and fecundity. However, these species differed in body size of ovigerous females, duration of the postembryonic period, viability, and body size of juveniles that remained in the marsupium and those released by females. These differences in the reproductive traits of H. pleoacuta and H. castroi may facilitate their coexistence in nature.     

台风远离后舟山海域突发强风的诊断分析

台风是影响舟山的常见天气系统,台风影响时往往风雨交加。当0407号台风“蒲公英”穿越舟山时,舟山海域风不大,而台风离开后,舟山海域风力却突增到12级。这种情况是比较少见的,危害性很大。利用Micaps平台对台风周围的温度场、变压场、梯度场等大气环流进行分析,发现冷气团与台风外围暖气团相遇,生成了1对中尺度气压偶。因此,冷空气的侵入是造成这次强风的根本原因。     

Bertrand曲线的进一步研究

讨论了Bertrand曲线的特征,得出了诸如曲线是Bertrand曲线的充要条件,Bertrand曲线Γ上的点与其偶线上对应点的距离,以及两点切线交角等结论.     

阿尔泰裂睾绦虫生活史研究

在20～30.5℃条件下,阿尔泰裂睾绦虫虫卵发育为成熟拟囊尾蚴需要75d(包括1～13℃自然条件下12d),拟囊尾蚴为短尾型,超氏菌甲螨(Scheloribates chauhani)、小型菌甲螨(S.sp)、弗金大翼甲螨(Galumna virginiensis)、小型大翼甲螨(G.sp.)等四种地螨均可作为中间宿主。     

The occurrence and function of the sphragis in the zerynthiine genera Zerynthia,Allancastria and Bhutanitis (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea: Papilionidae)

In some butterfly species males attach a large external mating plug termed a sphragis to the female abdomen during mating. This is derived from male accessory secretions and covers the female ostium bursae and surrounding areas, thus preventing or delaying remating. Specimens of all 12 species of the genera Zerynthia, Allancastria and Bhutanitis (Lepidoptera: papilionidae), which form a natural clade within the Zerynthiini, were examined for presence or absence of a sphragis and their male and female genitalia were studied. In all three genera female genitalia lack a typical sinus vaginalis and the sterigma is modified to form an exposed, shiny, well-sclerotized genital plate, derived from the fusion and expansion of the lamellae ante- and postvaginales. The exposed ostium bursae is situated near the posterior end of the genital plate in Zerynthia, whereas in Allancastria and Bhutanitis it is near the anterior end. A crude irregularly formed sphragis was found at least facultatively in all species. The sphragides of Zerynthia and Bhutanitis were generally poorly developed, in most cases only partially covering the female genital plate. In Allancastria the sphragis mostly covered the genital plate entirely, and generally incorporated numerous long scales derived from the male’s 8th abdominal segment; scales were sometimes sparse or absent, probably due to depletion from repeated matings by males. In Zerynthia, males lacked the dense terminal abdominal tuft of elongated scales found in Allancastria, and their sphragis lacked scales. The sphragis of Bhutanitis thaidina incorporated scales from the male valves, whereas in the B. lidderdalii sphragis (and probably B. ludlowi) the scales derived from the male’s 8th abdominal segment. The role of the scales and possible reasons for the difference in the development of the sphragis among these genera are discussed.     

已交配雌性克氏原螯虾的择偶行为

动物在繁殖期间会随自身繁殖状态的变化而调整择偶行为,这会导致它们择偶的多样性.本文研究具交配经验的雌性克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)在Y型水迷宫中对不同婚配状态的潜在配偶的择偶行为.雌虾对空白与原配、童子、非童子3种信息源虾的访问总时间P值均小于0.05,结果表明雌性克氏原螯虾与原交配雄体有再次交配的显著倾向,对该现象本文从螯虾繁殖成功率方面进行了探讨;面对3种信息源虾的选择差异性的P值均大于0.05,表明雌虾不区分潜在配偶的婚配状态,本文就螯虾的择偶偏好进行了讨论,此外对螯虾定向配种方面的应用进行了初步探讨.本研究以期为克氏原螯虾的繁殖行为学的理论研究及生产实践积累具参考意义的基础数据.     

摩擦配偶材料对Cr12MoV钢耐磨性能的影响

本文总结了干摩擦及低粘度润滑两种条件下的滑动磨损试验结果。当摩擦速度为0.2～1.0m/s,载荷为50～100N时,干摩擦呈现出粘着磨损机制,摩擦配偶对Cr12MOV钢的比磨损显示出显著的影响;而低粘度润滑条件下的低速磨损主要是磨粒磨损机制,摩擦配偶的影响甚微。     

基于特征的工艺决策

从并行工程的原理出发，讨论了基于特征的并行ＣＡＰＰ系统．利用特征建模，通过对特征关系的推理，产生零件的特征向量图，确定特征的加工顺序．通过工艺优化，确定零件的最佳工艺规程     

Male insect-parasitic nematodes: a colonizing sex

An adaptive strategy enhancing reproductive success is described for parasitic nematodes. Male infective juveniles of insect-parasitic nematodes,Steinernema spp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) are dispersers, and take greater risks than females during the host-finding phase of parasitism. They disperse, locate, and establish in distant live hosts before females. Parasitism by male infective juveniles renders the infected hosts suitable for nematode development, and more attractive to female infective juveniles. Such recruitment may be a strategy to protect the nematodes against uncertainties of mate finding, thereby enhancing reproductive success.