素质教育与化学教学有机结合之初探

根据化学课程的特点 ,本文就如何将素质教育融入化学教学 ,更好地体现素质教育的培养目标作了初步探索     

汕头市API指数年变化规律及控制对策

对汕头市全年空气主要污染物指数年变化规律进行统计、分析 ,结果显示 :其年变化规律受季节及气象要素影响 ,可吸入颗粒物浓度偏高的主要原因与人群活动有较密切关系 .并提出相应的控制对策 :加强对机动车尾气的控制、工业污染源管理和做好垃圾有效处理、主干道定期洒水降尘及绿化固土等工作     

Effects of atmospheric pollution on human health

Most air pollutants do not lead to specific diseases. Depending on the pollutant, the concentration and the duration of exposure, some organs are more affected than others. The most frequent disorders are those caused by irritant gases and particulates on the mucous membranes and respiratory organs. The consequences are eye, nose and throat inflammations, diminished lung function, increased susceptability to respiratory infection and a higher incidence of chronic bronchitis. These disorders and diseases are, of course, influenced by other factors as well, such as immune deficiency, allergies, occupational exposure to pollutants, and particularly smoking. The effects of air pollutants are, therefore, multifactorially conditioned and nonspecific disorders are placed in the foreground. Evidence for an association of air pollution with adverse effects on human health is drawn from three sources: animal experiments, experimental human exposures, and epidemiologic studies of exposed human populations. The burden of atmospheric pollution must be reduced to protect human health by an adequate safety margin. In particular, the increased sensitivity of sick and aged people as well as children should be taken into account. In defining the maximum emmission levels, preventive aspects should have priority so as to keep the risk of damage to health and the harmful influences on the environment to a minimum.This article Effects of atmospheric pollution on human health by H. U. Wanner is a revised version of the same article that was first published in the Proceedings of the 1990 European Aerosol Conference; special issue of the J. Aerosol Sci., Vol. 21, Suppl. 1 (1990) 389–396.Reprinted with kind permission from Pergamon Press Ltd, Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 0BW, Great Britain.     

机动车多点源排放空气污染物浓度解析模式

针对公路机动车排放源和环境特点，建立了风速和扩散系数随高度变化的公路机动车多源排放空气污染平流扩散方程。提出了在地面和对流层边界对污染物为全反射条件下的定解问题。引用Green函数的概念，提出了公路机动车多源扩散方程的求解思路，利用微分方程的特征理论，求得了Green函数的横风和垂直向分量。通过Green函数分量与排放源强的线性组合，得到了公路机动车排放为多点源、线源和面源时污染物浓度三维分布的解析解。指出了广泛使用的高斯扩散模式在公路机动车排气污染物浓度计算中的局限性。     

半挥发性有机物质的固相萃取技术在松花江水有机毒物检测中的应用

通过对不同类型的化合物在多种固相萃取柱上的回收率进行评价，对影响萃取效率的各参数进行了测定，确定了测定不同水样以及不同组分的最佳萃取条件，建立了系统的半挥发物富集方案，为松花江水中有机毒物的分析测定提供了有效的样品处理方法和测定方法。     

我国有机农业对植物营养和肥料使用的要求

在有机农业质量监控体系下 ,通过种养结合、轮作、施肥等措施形成有机农业生态系统内的物质循环。按照相关规定进行施肥 ,保证植物营养平衡供给 ,保持和发展土壤肥力和生物活性。同时保障了有机食品及环境的安全。     

如何降低有机化学实验成本的探索

从实验内容、实验药品和学生实验产品三个方面探索如何降低有机化学实验的实验成本。     

重庆涪陵大气污染物特征及其与气象要素的关系

利用重庆涪陵2010—2014年空气质量监测数据和同期的气象资料,分析了涪陵地区大气污染物的变化情况与气象要素的相关关系.结果表明:涪陵从2010到2014年空气质量有变好趋势,迎宾大道和兴华中路的空气质量总体较好,AQI指数优良天数分别占87%和85.6%,PM_(10)为涪陵首要污染物.PM_(10),SO_2质量浓度具有周期性变化特征,从1月至12月为先降低后升高的趋势,每年较冷的12月、1月、2月PM_(10)质量浓度值较高,较热的月份质量浓度值较低.NO_2质量浓度年际间变化幅度较小.PM_(10)与气温、降水量、相对湿度、平均风速具有负相关性,与气压具有正相关,即气温越高、降雨量越大、气压越低、风速越大,PM_(10)质量浓度越低.SO_2,NO_2与气温、气压、降水量均为负相关,与相对湿度正相关.不同月份大气污染物与气象要素的相关性存在较大差异.     

基于有限体积法的土壤重金属污染物运移模拟

针对重金属污染物在土壤中的运移扩散问题,采用有限体积法对二维稳态水流中污染物运移的基本方程进行离散,获得污染物在饱和土壤中运移的有限体积法计算模型.运用Matlab模拟不同条件下重金属污染物运移的动态过程,研究污染物运移规律.研究表明,当污染源始终存在时,随着时间的推移,质量浓度等值线近似由中心抛物线形渐变为外围椭圆形,水平向和竖直向浓度均不断减小;当污染源存在10天后移除时,随着时间的推移,质量浓度等值线呈椭圆形,污染范围逐渐变大,浓度不断减小,椭圆中心处浓度最大.     

The Application Research of OMMT in Alkyd Coatings

In this experiment we take the OMMT as the additive to improve the anti-sedimentation and thickening properties of the organic coatings,followed by a theoretical study on the suspension stability of the OMMT in solvents.The OMMTs were introduced into the alkyd coatings system by the preformed gel method.By comparing the different effects which the OMMTs with different grades had produced,we reach a conclusion that the OMMT numbered 24T421-2 has the best performance on the enhancement of properties we have mentioned above,as well as the anti-flowing and level characters.【Key words】Coatings;Organic montmorillonite;Suspendability;Anti-sedimentation