红叶甜菜中色素的提取及稳定性研究

研究了红叶甜菜叶片中提取红色素的最佳条件，并就光、热、氧化剂、还原剂、食品添加剂和金属离子对色素稳定性的影响进行了讨论．     

普生轮藻精囊丝形成与精细胞发生

本文对云南路南县黑龙潭的普生轮藻的精囊丝形成与细胞发生进行了观察研究，发现精子囊中的原始精囊丝细胞（ｎ）需要经过多次有丝分裂才形成成熟的精子细胞（ｎ），并且，同一精囊丝上的所有细胞有丝分裂是同步进行的．对精囊丝细胞有丝分裂至游动精子形成的过程进行了描述，并发现普生轮藻精囊丝细胞有丝分裂中期染色体ｎ＝１４     

共培养技术及化学絮凝法对小球藻C.vulgaris XJB絮凝的影响

微藻是生物柴油理想的原料,但微藻尺寸较小,细胞密度较低,导致微藻采收困难。为提高微藻的采收率,节约成本,实验采用自絮凝斜生栅藻Scenedesmus sp.-BH与富油小球藻C.vulgaris XJB共培养技术来提高小球藻C.vulgaris XJB的絮凝率,同时与调节p H、添加Fe Cl3和添加壳聚糖3种化学絮凝法对比。结果表明:3种化学絮凝法60 min时的最佳絮凝率分别为84.2%、96.5%和72.9%;共培养最佳条件下小球藻C.vulgaris XJB 60 min时的絮凝率为33.3%,8 h后的絮凝率可达73.2%。共培养条件下小球藻C.vulgaris XJB的絮凝率比化学絮凝法的稍低,但该方法不会引入有害化学物质,后期分离成本低,是一种经济、环保的絮凝方法。     

New insights on the external features of egg capsules and embryo development in the squid Loligo vulgaris

The embryonic development of the squid Loligo vulgaris was observed from 183 egg masses collected from special devices deployed throughout Cabrera National Park (Baleares Islands, western Mediterranean Sea). Sequence alignment analysis of the cytochrome oxidase I gene revealed that all embryos belonged to L. vulgaris. In total, 549 egg capsules were examined. Viable egg capsules (n = 420) were classified into one of five maturation stages according to the primary external features. The length of the viable egg capsules varied between 40 and 170 mm, and increased with embryonic development. The non-viable capsules (n = 129) were categorized into four groups: I (Ginger root), non-viable II and III, and empty egg capsule (IV). The percentage of non-viable capsules (i.e. grades I, II and III) was 92.25%. Empty capsules accounted for 7.75% of the total non-viable egg capsules. Embryonic development was classified into a second scale of eight stages. Egg capsule stage and embryonic stage were significantly related (n = 420; p < 0.001), facilitating the determination of the embryo developmental phase based on the outward appearance of the egg capsules. The embryo development stage based on the external features of the egg capsules might constitute an innovative tool for in situ embryological data collection. This new method is neither time consuming nor invasive, and could be helpful in fishing cruises, for scuba diving visual census in natural habitats and for laboratory culture. Slight variability in the developmental embryonic stages within egg capsules from the same egg mass was identified. The origin of this asynchrony is discussed. Chronological appearance of organs was similar to that of the six loliginid species previously examined. However, some developmental changes in the timing or rate of events (heterochronies) were observed: Hoyle’s organ was formed earlier in L. vulgaris and the appearance of ventral chromatophores was slightly delayed (2 days) compared with the other species considered.     

草原沙蜥和避役骨骼解剖分析——游舌部蜥蜴(Ascalabotans)骨骼比较

以草原沙蜥和避役的骨骼解剖为素材,证明它们是较原始的蜥蜴,两者共同的原始性为:颞窝宽大,顶骨呈板状,牙齿三尖,下颌板骨前端参加下颌联合,环椎的间椎体同神经弧松散结合,荐椎无分化,尾椎脉弧呈Y型,腕骨超过9枚。各自的原始性状:草原沙蜥为顶骨孔发达,上颞骨存在,腭部骨片未退缩,而且排列位置未变。避役为上颞弧由后眶鳞骨构成。归纳喙头蜥、(?)鳞蜥、草原沙蜥和避役的骨骼结构,为原始蜥蜴特征提供新的证据。同时分析了游舌部蜥蜴的系统发育关系。     

陕北黄土高原臭柏群落进展演替和逆行演替

认为臭柏群落进展演替是在活动基质（流沙）上开始，终止于固定基质，其实质是在臭柏群落作用下，基质物理和化学特征以及水条件向着有利于植物生活的方向发展。在逆行演替阶段，植物群落对基质作用微弱，水条件变劣，耐旱的微观植物群落起着主导作用。整个演替过程，是植物群落作用下土壤性的内因动态演替。     

金黄色葡萄球菌自身菌苗治疗痤疮2例

报告了对2名痤疮患者应用金黄色葡萄球菌自身菌苗，进行人工主动免疫的治疗结果。通过增强细胞免疫，消除感染，达到治疗作用。结果证明：金黄色葡萄球菌感染得到控制，痤疮明显好转。     

Effects of five heavy metals at sub-lethal concentrations on the growth and photosynthesis of Chlorella vulgaris

The impact of sub-lethal concentrations(0.05,0.5,5 μmol L 1) of the heavy metals copper(Cu),chromium(Cr),zinc(Zn),cadmium(Cd) and lead(Pb) on the growth and photosynthesis of Chlorella vulgaris was studied during 96 h exposure experiments.The results showed that the effects of these five metals on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris were dependent on both concentration and exposure time.It was found that 5 μmol L 1 treatments of Cu,Cr,Zn,Cd and Pb significantly inhibited the growth of Chlorella vulgaris,and the effect became weaker with an increase in exposure duration.Different effects on chlorophyll fluorescence were found for different metals,with Cu and Cr having an inhibiting effect and Zn and Cd having a promoting effect.The effects of heavy metals upon the growth and photosynthesis of Chlorella vulgaris were independent of each other and not causally related.     

夏枯草果穗熊果酸超临界萃取的研究

采用超临界二氧化碳流体萃取技术,提取夏枯草果穗中的熊果酸,并用高效液相色谱法测定萃取物中熊果酸含量.通过正交实验[L9(34)]对萃取条件进行优化,确定适宜的工艺参数.结果表明,夏枯草果穗熊果酸超临界CO2萃取的各因素影响程度为萃取温度萃取时间携带剂萃取压力.最佳参数为萃取温度30℃,萃取压力15Mpa,携带剂甲醇:乙醇=1:1,萃取时间90min.