食用蓝藻螺旋藻和葛仙米中金属元素的分析

采用硝酸和高氯酸(4∶1)混合酸消化2种可食用蓝藻螺旋藻和葛仙米,原子吸收光谱法检测螺旋藻和葛仙米中的K、Na、Mg、Ca、Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn、Cr、Pb和Cd共11种金属元素含量。结果表明,2种蓝藻中矿质元素含量均较高,特别是Ca含量高达61 905.132mg·kg~(-1);而有害重金属Cr,Po和Cd含量均远低于国家规定标准,表明这2种食用蓝藻均无重金属富集或污染。本结果显示,螺旋藻和葛仙米是极好的天然富钙营养食品,可作为人体矿质元素和微量元素缺乏症的补给品.     

氯离子对碳钢在混凝土孔隙液中腐蚀行为的影响

采用重量法、线性伏安扫描法、弱极化法和SEM,研究C l-对碳钢在模拟混凝土孔隙液(饱和Ca(OH)2溶液)中的腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明,高pH值的混凝土孔隙液能减缓氯离子对碳钢的腐蚀;当pH≥13.6时,在NaC l浓度小于3%的混凝土孔隙液中,碳钢表面因生成钝化膜而不被腐蚀;当pH≤9时,混凝土孔隙液中无论是否存在C l-,碳钢均会被腐蚀;当pH=12.5时,混凝土孔隙液中NaC l浓度小于0.05%,碳钢则不被腐蚀;当混凝土孔隙液中的C l-浓度达到临界氯离子浓度时,碳钢表面的钝化膜开始损坏而被腐蚀,碳钢的腐蚀速度随着C l-浓度的增加而增大.     

快淬CoNiCu系列金属条带的巨磁电阻效应

研究了用快淬制备的铸态和退火处理后的颗粒合金膜Co 20NixCu 80-x(0≤x≤20)的结构、磁电阻性能.利用电镜观察到Co-Ni纳米颗粒在Co-Ni-Cu合金薄膜中分布均匀,与Co-Cu合金薄膜有不同.CoNiCu系列样品随Ni成分的增加,其相变过程由形核长大类型向失稳分解类型过渡.而且在室温下有比Co-Cu样品有更大的MR幅度.750 K下退火10 min的Co 20Ni5Cu 75快淬条带在300 K下的ΔR/R≌6.5%.     

有机化学中烷基的电子效应

主要从分析烷基对有机分子和离子的影响讨论烷基的电子效应，指出仅用烷基的“供电”或“吸电”来表述烷基的电子效应是不够全面的。     

Applications of Transition Metals in Organic Synthesis and Polymerization

1 Results Classic oxidants require rigorous control of the experimental conditions added with the problem of lack of selectivity. Catalysis by transition metals with environmentally safe oxidants provides synthetic routes to minimize pollution by giving environmental benign by-products. Fe (Ⅵ) is a powerful and a selective oxidant with Fe(Ⅲ) as a by-product, while hydrogen peroxide is clean with water as the only by-product. Separation of sodium or potassium ferrates requires tedious processes. Associat...     

Cu（Ⅱ） effect on the conformation of regenerated silk fibroin in dilute aqueous solution

Much attention has been paid to the natural mechanism of silkworm spinning due to the impressive mechanical properties of the natural fibers. In this work, we studied the effect of Cu（Ⅱ） ions on the secondary structure of Bombyx mori regenerated silk fibroin （SF） in dilute solution by circular dichroism （CD）. The results indicate that a given amount of Cu（Ⅱ） induces the SF conformational transition from random coil to β-sheet, however, further addition of Cu（Ⅱ） is unfavorable for this conversion. Meanwhile, the conformational changes induced by Cu（Ⅱ） follow a nucleation-dependent aggregation mechanism, which is similar to that found in Prion protein （PrP） denaturation and Aβ-peptide aggregations, leading to the neurodegenerative disease. This work would help one understand further the natural spinning process of silkworm. Additionally, it would be significant for the study of the nervous system diseases, because silk fibroin, extracted in large amounts from Bombyx mori silkworm gland, could be a proper model to study PrP denaturation and Aβ-peptide aggregations.     

侧析我国的学术环境——对诺贝尔奖困惑的反思

诺贝尔自然科学奖是比较公正的,但政治对科学发展的影响又是现实的。我国之所以未曾问津诺贝尔自然科学奖,在很大程度上是由于政治环境影响了基础研究的学术自由和学术交流。     

无机离子在硅胶薄层上的色谱行为研究

以甲基异丁基甲酮（ＭＩＢＫ）－甲酸（ＦＡ）为流动相，对一些无机离子在硅胶薄层上的色谱行为进行了研究，得出了无机离子的Ｒ＿Ｆ值与流动相中强极性溶剂甲酸的体积百分浓度Ｃ＿ｐ之间的关系以及所用流动相的溶剂性质参数Ｂ值．利用该流动相体系对部分多元离子混合液进行了分离．     

Effect of calcium ions on the secondary structures of photosystemⅡ and its relations with photoinhibition

Calcium ions play an important role in the oxygen_evolving process of photosystem Ⅱ as demonstrated in many experiments. The changes of the secondary structures of PS Ⅱ induced by the depletion of Ca 2+ were reported. The results indicated that the removal of Ca 2+ led to the transition of α helix to turns and sheet structures. While Ca 2+ was re_added to the media, only the structures changed to turns could be recovered. The protein conformational changes of PS Ⅱ during the donor side photoinhibition induced by the depletion of Ca 2+ were also studied. This showed that the protein conformational changes differed between the control and Ca 2+ _depleted samples in a short period of illumination (within 10 min). However, the changes became similar when the illumination time was increased.     

荧光法测定Ce^3＋与tRNA的结合常数

与其它稀土离子的自身荧光相比,稀土Ｃｅ３＋水合离子的荧光要强得多,并且在很宽的浓度范围内与其浓度成很好的正比关系,因此可以用来确定Ｃｅ３＋离子的浓度．ｔＲＮＡ非常强烈地猝灭Ｃｅ３＋水合离子的荧光．采用荧光滴定的方法研究了Ｃｅ３＋－ｔＲＮＡ体系,并用Ｓｃａｔｃｈａｒｄ方法测量了Ｃｅ３＋离子和ｔＲＮＡ的结合数和结合常数,结果发现：ｔＲＮＡ中有２组Ｃｅ３＋结合位置,其结合常数分别为约１０８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和１０５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ．向体系中加入精胺可使结合数和结合常数稍微降低．