土法造纸木素降解之探索Ⅲ.嫩毛竹自然发酵过程中的细菌分离鉴定与嫩竹软化菌的筛选

试验证实,嫩毛竹自然发酵过程中的微生物主要是细菌。分离出并纯化了１００株细菌,其中６０株是芽胞杆菌。将分离出的１００株细菌分别接入石灰预处理过的嫩竹,从中筛选出能使嫩竹进一步软化的菌株３株,也均为芽胞杆菌。对这６０株芽胞杆菌进行了形态学及其生理生化特征的鉴定,按Ｐｒｉｅｓｔ氏等（１９８８年）的数值分类系统分类到组,将３株（３０８,３０９,３１０）对嫩竹软化有明显作用的芽胞杆菌的１株（３０８）鉴定到种,认为是短小芽胞杆菌（Ｂ．ｐｕｍｉｌｕｓ）。另外４０株非芽胞杆菌参阅《伯杰氏系统细菌学手册》第１卷和第２卷,鉴定到科或属,有微球菌、葡萄球菌、李氏杆菌、不动杆菌、肠杆菌科等。     

活菌作为抗肿瘤制剂和肿瘤基因治疗载体的研究

随着细菌生物学和分子生物学的发展，细菌抗癌治疗的应用更为广泛，其可增加化疗药物的敏感性，增强抗癌药物作用，并作为基因治疗的载体，细菌毒素本身就可以用来攻克肿瘤，而最有应用前景的是，经遗传修饰的细菌作为自杀基因载体选择性地破坏肿瘤细胞，保护正常组织不受损坏。文章就活菌作为抗肿瘤制剂和肿瘤基因治疗栽体的研究进展进行综述。     

For whom the bell tolls? DING proteins in health and disease

DING proteins, identified mainly by their eponymous N-terminal sequences, are ubiquitous in living organisms. Amongst bacteria, they are common in pseudomonads, and have been characterised with respect to genetics and structure. They form part of a wider family of phosphate-binding proteins, with emerging roles in phosphate acquisition and pathogenicity. Many DING proteins have been isolated in eukaryotes, in which they have been associated with very diverse biological activities, often in the context of possible signalling roles. Disease states in which DING proteins have been implicated include rheumatoid arthritis, lithiasis, atherosclerosis, some tumours and tumour-associated cachexia, and bacterial and viral adherence. Complete genetic and structural characterisation of eukaryotic DING genes and proteins is still lacking, though the phosphate-binding site seems to be conserved. Whether as bacterial proteins related to bacterial pathogenicity, or as eukaryotic components of biochemical signalling systems, DING proteins require further study. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

五种中草药提取液对细菌作用效果初探

选取银杏、厚朴、野菊花、苦参、石菖蒲五种中草药,利用95%酒精提取其活性成分,进行抑菌、杀菌活性测定.结果表明,在供试质量浓度0.05g/mL时,此五种中草药对大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率均在86%以上;在供试质量浓度0.01g/mL时,作用时间为5min,五种中草药对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌率均在94.5%以上,杀菌效果显著.不同中草药对同一细菌的抑制作用有一定差异,同一中草药对不同细菌的抑制作用亦存在着较大差异.中草药的杀菌率随着浓度增大、着用时间延长,杀菌率随之增大.但五种中草药对枯草杆菌均无杀菌效果,其原因有待进一步探讨.     

贝类分泌液保护作用的实验研究

探讨贝类分泌液对烧伤伤口保护作用的机理。实验采用背角无齿蚌、圆顶珠蚌、河蚬、中华圆田螺、铜锈环棱螺、耳河螺的分泌液制成四种不同浓度的药敏纸片和离心得到可溶性及不溶性组分,分别对金葡菌、表皮葡萄球菌、乙型链球菌、甲型副伤寒杆菌、福氏痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、变形杆菌、绿脓杆菌进行了药敏和生长影响试验。结果表明,其机理不是抑菌,而是生物保护膜的作用。从而,为贝类分泌液的临床应用提供了重要的科学依据。     

Bacterial suicide through stress

Outside of the laboratory, bacterial cells are constantly exposed to stressful conditions, and an ability to resist those stresses is essential to their survival. However, the degree of stress required to bring about cell death varies with growth phase, amongst other parameters. Exponential phase cells are significantly more sensitive to stress than stationary phase ones, and a novel hypothesis has recently been advanced to explain this difference in sensitivity, the suicide response. Essentially, the suicide response predicts that rapidly growing and respiring bacterial cells will suffer growth arrest when subjected to relatively mild stresses, but their metabolism will continue: a burst of free-radical production results from this uncoupling of growth from metabolism, and it is this free-radical burst that is lethal to the cells, rather than the stress per se. The suicide response hypothesis unifies a variety of previously unrelated empirical observations, for instance induction of superoxide dismutase by heat shock, alkyl-hydroperoxide reductase by osmotic shock and catalase by ethanol shock. The suicide response also has major implications for current [food] processing methods. Received 29 March 1999; received after revision 14 May 1999; accepted 17 May 1999     

镍矿区紫茎泽兰根际及内生细菌多样性研究

利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DGGE)技术对四川省攀枝花市镍矿区紫茎泽兰根际及不同器官中内生细菌多样性进行分析. 结果表明, 紫茎泽兰根际与不同器官内生细菌多样性存在明显差异, 香农 威纳指数(H)、丰度(S)及均匀度(EH)皆表现为根际土＞叶＞茎＞根. 土壤重金属含量与内生细菌多样性相关性分析表明, 样品的丰度(S)与Zn含量呈显著正相关 (P<0.05). 典型对应分析(cononical correspondence analysis, CCA)显示, 根际土细菌多样性受Zn、Cd、Pb、Ni等重金属负向影响; 紫茎泽兰叶内生细菌多样性与土壤Cu元素浓度呈负相关关系. DGGE条带回收测序结果显示, 根际及内生细菌主要为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、异常球菌 栖热菌门(Deinococcus Thermus)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)及部分不可培养的细菌.     

Cleavage pattern in Oscarella species (Porifera,Demospongiae, Homoscleromorpha): transmission of maternal cells and symbiotic bacteria

The cleavage and the first stages of development of larvae in five Oscarella species, from the north-west Mediterranean, O. lobularis, O. tuberculata, O. imperialis, O. microlobata and Oscarella sp., are investigated. Eggs are isolecithal, and rich in yolk inclusions. The cleavage is holoblastic, equal and asynchronous. During cleavage, there is no central cavity (blastocoel). The result of cleavage is the formation of a solid morula constituted by equal blastomeres. The polarity of the blastomeres is not expressed prior to the beginning of larva differentiation, i.e. approximately up to 64-cell stage. The superficial membrane of the blastomeres shows numerous filopodia which form blastomere contact. Symbiotic bacteria and cells with inclusions of the maternal mesohyl are present in the intercellular spaces of the embryo from the beginning of cleavage. Whereas maternal symbiotic bacteria are present in the embryo of the five species studied, maternal cells with inclusions are absent from two species (O. tuberculata and O. microlobata). The most original feature of early development in the genus Oscarella is the formation of a coeloblastula larva from a morula due to the progressive migration of the internal cells to the periphery.     

银杏叶提取物对肠道平滑肌收缩幅度的影响

用ＡＥ、Ａｃｈ、ＮａＣｌ、ＢａＣｌ２作用定免消化道的十二指肠、小肠上部、小肠中部，小肠下部及大肠始端的平滑肌，发现平滑肌收缩幅度改变，在此条件下，观察记录了两种不同浓度的银杏提取物对肠道平滑肌收缩幅度的影响。结果表明银杏提取物具有解除上述物质对肠道平滑肌的影响，特别对于由ＡＥ、Ａｃｈ形成的肠道平滑肌收缩幅度的变化，具有较明显的恢复作用，说明银杏提取物具有一定的解痉作用。     

腐生菌对双季铵盐敏感性的EPMA分析

利用原子力显微镜、电子探针和扫描电子显微镜等测试方法研究了培养基介质中双季铵盐化合物MDOPD对腐生菌(TGB)的抑制机理．研究结果表明：MDOPD能够在培养基中的碳钢金属表面优先吸附，形成完整致密的有机吸附膜，使细菌新陈代谢产物难以到达金属基体表面；同时，MDOPD使生物膜的沉积变得疏松，氧浓差腐蚀和膜下硫酸盐还原菌引起的腐蚀都受到有效的抑制．