水稻胰蛋白酶抑制剂对褐飞虱产卵刺激的响应

 昆虫产卵过程对寄主植物的直接刺激包括产卵器的机械损伤和卵表面物质带来影响,这些刺激是启动植物诱导抗虫性的重要途径。通过对褐飞虱产卵处理后水稻植株内胰蛋白酶抑制剂（BBPI）合成酶基因的表达量及物质含量的测定,对比褐飞虱取食和机械损伤处理,发现褐飞虱产卵能够诱导水稻BBPI合成酶基因的表达和BBPI物质的生成。处理后6 h,12 h,水稻 BBPI 表达量显著高于取食和机械损伤处理;产卵诱导的BBPI物质含量显著高于正常水稻。褐飞虱产卵诱导水稻启动〖WTBX〗BBPI〖WTBZ〗表达和物质合成表明,与取食危害类似,水稻同样会对褐飞虱产卵刺激产生响应,启动相应的植物防御体系,进而达到阻滞褐飞虱危害的目的。     

基于SSR分子标记检测褐飞虱交配次数及性选择

为探明褐飞虱交配次数和性选择的生殖行为特征,构建了褐飞虱生物型1和生物型Y的近交系,筛选了在不同近交系之间存在明显差异的9个SSR(Simple Sequence Repeats)分子标记用于亲子鉴定.在雌虫交配次数试验中,观察并分子鉴定到23头成功交配的雌虫,其中19头雌虫一生仅进行1次交配,4头雌虫一生进行了2次交...     

β-Glucosidase treatment and infestation by the rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens elicit similar signaling pathways in rice plants

β-Glucosidase has been reported to induce the production of herbivore-induced plant volatiles. How-ever, how it works remains unclear. Here, we investigated the levels of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene, and H2O2, all of which are known signaling molecules that play important roles in in-duced plant defense in rice plants treated with β-glucosidase, and compared these to levels in plants infested by the rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stl). Results showed that wounding and treatment by β-glucosidase increased the levels of SA, ethylene, and H2O2, but not JA, in all plants compared to control plants. The signaling pathways activated by β-glucosidase treatment are similar to those activated by an infestation by N. lugens, although the magnitude and timing of the signals elicited by the two treatments are different. This may explain why both treatments have similar volatile profiles and are equally attractive to the parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae Pang et Wang.     

褐飞虱羧酸酯酶基因cDNA片段的克隆及表达分析

利用反转录多聚酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术克隆了褐飞虱羧酸酯酶基因编码区的cDNA片段,并进行了序列测定.结果表明,所克隆到的cDNA片段长度为396 bp,经BLAST查找比对发现,该片段所编码的氨基酸序列与来自铜绿蝇、家蝇、沟鼠、黑腹果蝇、线虫和埃及伊蚊的羧酸酯酶的片段存在高度同源性.Northern杂交分析显示,在褐飞虱取食抗性水稻后,羧酸酯酶基因表达水平明显升高.以上结果表明,羧酸酯酶基因的表达受抗性水稻的诱导,该基因在有毒化学物质解毒及增强褐飞虱对抗性水稻的耐受性方面可能起着重要作用.     

褐飞虱细胞色素P450基因cDNA片段的克隆、测序及表达分析

利用反转录多聚酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术克隆了褐飞虱细胞色素P450基因编码区的cDNA片段,并进行了序列测定.结果表明,所克隆到的cDNA片段长度为237bp,经BLAST查找比对发现,该片段所编码的氨基酸序列与来自烟草天蛾、棉铃虫、埃及伊蚊、家蝇、黑腹果蝇和线虫的CYP6家族的P450的氨基酸序列存在同源性.Northern杂交分析显示,在褐飞虱取食抗性水稻后,P450基因的表达水平明显升高.以上结果表明,P450基因的表达受抗性水稻的诱导,该基因在褐飞虱对抗性水稻的耐受性和解毒方面可能起着重要作用.     

亚致死剂量烯啶虫胺对褐飞虱体内脂肪、蛋白质、可溶性糖及游离氨基酸含量的影响

 测定了烯啶虫胺亚致死剂量LC₁₀与LC₃₀胁迫12 h与24 h下,褐飞虱5龄若虫与成虫体内可溶性蛋白、糖类、甘油酯及游离氨基酸含量的变化。结果表明：LC₃₀与LC₁₀胁迫下的5龄若虫与胁迫12 h后的成虫体内可溶性糖的含量显著高于对照组;12 h胁迫下,LC₃₀与LC₁₀的烯啶虫胺均能提高5龄若虫与成虫体内游离氨基酸的含量,而24 h处理下的成虫体内游离氨基酸的含量显著低于对照;烯啶虫胺胁迫12 h后,褐飞虱成虫与若虫体内甘油酯的含量显著高于对照,而24 h处理下的5龄若虫体内甘油酯的含量显著低于对照;烯啶虫胺亚致死质量浓度胁迫下的褐飞虱5龄若虫与成虫体内蛋白质含量的变化趋势与游离氨基酸含量的变化有着相似之处。     

Role of ethylene signaling in the production of rice volatiles induced by the rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens

In response to herbivory, plants release volatiles to attract the natural enemies of herbivores[1,2]. This phe- nomenon has been reported in more than 23 plant spe- cies[3―6], and several field studies have shown that these herbivore-induced volatiles en…     

β-Glucosidase treatment and infestation by the rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens elicit similar signaling pathways in rice plants

β-Glucosidase has been reported to induce the production of herbivore-induced plant volatiles. However, how it works remains unclear. Here, we investigated the levels of salicylic acid （SA）, jasmonic acid （JA）, ethylene, and H2O2, all of which are known signaling molecules that play important roles in induced plant defense in rice plants treated with β-glucosidase, and compared these to levels in plants infested by the rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens （Stal）. Results showed that wounding and treatment by β-glucosidase increased the levels of SA, ethylene, and H2O2, but not JA, in all plants compared to control plants. The signaling pathways activated by β-glucosidase treatment are similar to those activated by an infestation by N. lugens, although the magnitude and timing of the signals elicited by the two treatments are different. This may explain why both treatments have similar volatile profiles and are equally attractive to the parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae Pang et Wang.     

广西褐飞虱发生气候背景分析

利用1991~2012年广西龙州、武鸣、合浦、玉林、柳江、来宾、贺州、永福、兴安、全州等植保站褐飞虱灯诱虫情资料,结合同期龙州、永福等10个气象站气温、降水历史资料和NCEP气象再分析数据,分析近22年广西褐飞虱发生特点及其气候背景。结果表明:在气候变暖背景下,广西褐飞虱的迁入始见期、首次迁入高峰期均呈逐年提早的趋势,分别偏早2.7 d/10年及1.7 d/10年;迁入终见期有逐年推迟的趋势,推迟时间为3.7 d/10年。广西3月份气温越高,则褐飞虱迁入的始见期越早,两者相关系数r=-0.558,达P=0.01的显著性水平。广西褐飞虱灾变性迁入的发生与降水关系密切,始见期当天或者前1 d中有降水的概率达92.5%,首次迁入峰期前1 d出现降水的概率为85.1%,7月份降水量越多、雨日越多,褐飞虱的迁入量越大。当7月份850 h Pa高空以偏南气流为主时,会引发广西褐飞虱的灾变性迁入;而以偏北气流为主时,则褐飞虱发生偏轻。     

Wolbachia 在中国稻田飞虱中的感染和传播

用ＰＣＲ方法检测了采集于不同地域的稻田飞虱共生菌Ｗｏｌｂａｃｈｉａ的感染,发现灰飞虱Ｌａｏｄｅｌｐｈａｘ ｓｔｒｉａｔｅｌｌｕｓ,褐飞虱Ｎｉｌｅｐａｒｖａｔａ ｌｕｇｅｎｓ,白背飞虱Ｓｏｇａｔｅｌｌａ ｆｕｒｃｉｆｅｒａ 为Ｗｏｌｂａｃｈｉａ所感染。克隆了编码Ｗｏｌｂａｃｈｉａ外膜蛋白质的ｗｓｐ基因并进行了序列测定,对ｗｓｐ的ＲＦＬＰ分析证实了这些飞虱为单一Ｗｏｌｂａｃｈｉａ感染,还发现一种能同时