动态STDP突触系统模型设计与验证

神经突触的STDP（Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity）机制被认为是脑神经网络中最重要的机制之一，最有效的模拟STDP神经突触的方法是建立神经突触的离子通道的动力学模型。目前的STDP突触系统建模均存在一定的缺陷，不能很好地解释STDP机制的细胞分子生物反应原理或者得到STDP的时间非对...     

突触信号传导的动态饱和模型研究

对一类动态饱和突触神经模型中信号传导性质进行了研究.模型的动态过程采用高阶Milstein随机微分方程解法进行求解,其信号输入输出特性用集平均互相关系数进行衡量.集平均互相关系数的数值分析结果表明,适宜的噪声能够增强信号传导,并且通过调节饱和势比值大小和突触神经群体数目,观测到噪声增强信号传导的非线性现象更加显著.     

果蝇幼虫神经肌肉突触电位反应的研究

实验采用电生理微电极胞内记录技术，研究了果蝇三龄幼虫腹纵肌细胞的静息电位与微兴奋性接点电位、神经－肌肉兴奋性接点电位的特点。研究结果显示：１、果蝇三龄幼虫的静息电位为－５３±５ｍＶ２．微兴奋性接点电位的波形与正常兴奋性接点电位相同，平均值为０．６ｍＶ．３．兴奋性接点电位在不同的刺激强度下有不同的值。     

Neuromuscular synaptogenesis: clustering of acetylcholine receptors revisited

Clustering of neurotransmitter receptors in the postsynaptic membrane is critical for efficient synaptic transmission. During neuromuscular synaptogenesis, clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) is an early sign of postsynaptic differentiation. Recent studies have revealed that the earliest AChR clusters can form in the muscle independent of motorneurons. Neurally released agrin, acting through the muscle-specific kinase MuSK and rapsyn, then causes further clustering and localization of clusters underneath the nerve terminal. AChRs themselves are required for agrin-induced clustering of several postsynaptic proteins, most notably rapsyn. Once formed, AChR clusters are stabilized by several tyrosine kinases and by components of the dystrophin/utrophin glycoprotein complex, some of which also direct postnatal synaptic maturation such as formation of postjunctional folds. This review summarizes these recent results about AChR clustering, which indicate that early clustering can occur in the absence of nerves, that AChRs play an active role in the clustering process and that partly different mechanisms direct formation versus stabilization of AChR clusters. Received 10 April 2002; received after revision 4 June 2002; accepted 10 June 2002     

一维Theta神经网络微分方程模型的研究——多放电行波解的存在性

研究一维theta神经元网络的微分方程模型,对该网络模型从神经元生理运动特点和微分方程本身入手进行讨论.对模型中的输入形式加以简化,证明了对任意的传播速度c＞0,存在一个对应的耦合强度参数,使网络具有多放电行波解.     

Neurotrophic regulation of synapse development and plasticity

Neurotrophic factors are traditionally thought to be secretory proteins that regulate long-tern survival and differe, ntiation of neurons. Recent studies have revealed a previously unexpected role for these factors in synaptie de velopment ami plasticity in diverse neuronal populations. Here we review experimeuts carried oul in our own laboratory in the last few years.. We have made two important discoveries.First,we were among the first to report that brain-derived. neurotrophie faclor (BDNF) facilitates hippocampal hmg-term potentiation (LTP), a form of synaptic plaslicity believed to be involved in learning and memory. BDNF modulates LTP al CAI synapses by enhaneing synaptic responses to high frequency, tetanic slimulalion. This is achieved primafily by facilitating synaptie vesicle doeking, possibly due to an in crease in the levels of the vesicle prolein synaptobrevin and synaptoplysin in the nerve terminals. Gene knockout study demonstrates thai the effects of BDNF are primarily mediated through presynaptic mechanisms. Second, we demonstrated a form of long-term, neurotrophin-mediated synaptic regulation. We showed that long-term treatment of the neuromuscu lar synapses with neurotrophin-3 (NT3) resulted in an enhancement of both spontaneous and evoked synaptic currcuts, as well as profound changes in thc number of synaptic varicosities and syuaptic vesicle proteins in motoneurons, all of which are indicative of more mature synapses. Our current work addresses the following issues:(i) activity-dependent trafficking of neurotrophin receptors, and its role in synapse-specific modulation; (ii) signal transduction mechanisms medialing the acute enhancement of synaplic transmission by neurotrophins; (iii) acute and long-tenn synaptie actions of the GDNF family; (iv) role of BDNF in late-phase LTP and in the development of hippocampal circuit.     

Reverberatory activity in neuronal networks in vitro

It has been proposed that during cognitive processes, "online" memory traces in the brain are carried by reverberatory activity in neuronal circuits. However, the nature of such reverberation has remained elusive from experimental studies, largely due to the enormous complexity of intact circuits. Recent works have attempted to address this issue using cultured neuronal network and have revealed new dynamic properties of network reverberation as well as the underlying cellular mechanisms. These results demo...     

Self-organization model on receptive field of neuron with asymmetric time window of synaptic modification

The spatial-temporal response properties of some simple neurons in visual pathway arise basically prior to birth. In the absence of visual experience, how do these neurons develop in visual system? Based on Wimbauer network with delay, a four-layer feed-forward network model is proposed, which is characterized by modifying the Hebb learning rule through introducing the asymmetric time window of synaptic modification found recently in neurobiology. The model can not only generate by self-organization more diversified spatial-temporal response characteristics of neuronal receptive field than earlier models but also provide some explanations for the possible mechanism underlying the development of receptive fields of contrast polarity sensitive neurons found in visual system of vertebrate. Thus the proposed model may be more widely applicable than Linsker model and Wimbauer model.     

整合发放神经元模型突触输入参数估计

文章针对突触输入和噪声共同作用下的整合发放神经元模型,在不考虑放电阈值前提下,采用最小二乘法估计突触输入参数;当考虑神经元放电阈值特性时,将放电阈值看成一个吸收边界,导出膜电位转移概率密度函数,再利用极大似然法估计突触输入参数。结果表明:最小二乘估计仅适合阈下活动的参数估计,而对阈上活动无效;极大似然估计适用于神经元放电的阈值行为;无论是从适用范围还是估计精度来说,极大似然估计都要优于最小二乘估计。