Flow and heat transfer behaviour of nanofluids in microchannels

Flow and heat transfer of aqueous based silica and alumina nanofluids in microchannels were experimentally investigated. The measured friction factors were higher than conventional model predictions at low Reynolds numbers particularly with high nanoparticle concentrations. A decrease in the friction factor was observed with increasing Reynolds number, possibly due to the augmentation of nanoparticle aggregate shape arising from fluid shear and alteration of local nanoparticle concentration and nanofluid viscosity. Augmentation of the silica nanoparticle morphology by fluid shear may also have affected the friction factor due to possible formation of a core/shell structure of the particles. Measured thermal conductivities of the silica nanofluids were in approximate agreement with the Maxwell-Crosser model, whereas the alumina nanofluids only showed slight enhancements. Enhanced convective heat transfer was observed for both nanofluids, relative to their base fluids (water), at low particle concentrations. Heat transfer enhancement increased with increasing Reynolds number and microchannel hydraulic diameter. However, the majority of experiments showed a larger increase in pumping power requirements relative to heat transfer enhancements, which may hinder the industrial uptake of the nanofluids, particularly in confined environments, such as Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS).     

考虑界面效应的纳米流体的热传导模型

借鉴图论的有关做法。结合威尔逊空间相互作用模型。构建区域中心城市区位选择的模型，从而试图定量分析封闭和开放两种条件下区域中心城市的适宜区位．从模型中可以看出，在封闭条件下区域中心城市适宜区位趋于区域的地理中心。而在开放条件下区域中心城市适宜区位趋于主导联系方向．作者选取浙江省嘉兴市对模型进行实证分析，分别考察了封闭和开放两种条件下嘉兴区域中心城市适宜区位的变化趋势．     

含Ag-乙二醇纳米流体的制备及其导热性能研究

本文在室温下采用直接还原法制备了含PVP表面修饰、高负载量的纳米银-乙二醇纳米流体。实验详细比较了各种反应条件对Ag纳米粒子结构、大小、形貌以及乙二醇纳米流体的稳定性、负载量的影响。结果表明：由于PVP对银粒子有良好的表面修饰作用和纳米粒子自身的布朗运动,使得银粒子能够稳定地分散于乙二醇流体中。当PVP含量为12.5 g.L-1时,Ag粒子最大负载量可以达到20.96 g.L-1。同时采用仿制的纳米流体导热系数测试装置测定了上述不同负载量流体的导热系数,结果表明纳米流体比纯乙二醇的导热系数明显提高,当银粒子的体积分数为0.06%时,纳米流体的导热系数提高了36%。     

混合基纳米流体在汽车散热器中的稳定性及传热特性

摘 要 使用SiO2和MWCNT纳米颗粒,在80%：20%的水/乙二醇基液中制备纳米流体,分别研究超声波振荡时间、分散剂对纳米流体稳定性的影响,结果表明：最佳振荡时间为1 h;十六烷基三甲基氯化铵（CTAC）的最佳添加量为质量分数0.05%,十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）的最佳添加量为0.1%;在最佳添加量下,CTAC的分散效果优于SDBS;在同一分散剂下,MWCNT-水/乙二醇混合基纳米流体的稳定性优于SiO2-水/乙二醇混合基纳米流体。研究不同浓度的纳米流体在不同流速、温度下的传热特性进行分析。结果表明,与基液相比,纳米流体的传热速率有了明显的提高;与纳米流体的传热速率增加相比,纳米流体浓度对压降和有效泵功的不利影响可以忽略不计。     

纳米颗粒微运动强化纳米流体热导率的理论研究

理论推导了纳米颗粒布朗运动、热泳和渗透泳产生有效热导率的计算公式,定量讨论了三种机制的微运动对纳米流体有效热导率的影响.通过比较和分析,结果表明布朗运动对纳米流体有效热导率的贡献是最主要的,其作用效果是另外两种机制的106-108倍;三种运动产生的有效热导率都随颗粒体积分数的增大而增加;布朗运动产生的有效热导率随颗粒粒径的增大而减小,热泳和渗透泳对有效热导率的贡献与粒径大小无关;当纳米流体热流通量越高时,热泳和渗透泳产生的有效热导率越大.     

Silicone oil-based solar-thermal fluids dispersed with PDMS-modified Fe3O4@graphene hybrid nanoparticles

One of the most challenging problems that limit the practical application of carbon-based photothermal nanofluids is their poor dispersion stability and tendency to form aggregation. Herein, by using Fe_3O_4@graphene hybrid nanoparticles as a model system, we proposed a new method to prepare stably dispersed silicone oilbased solar-thermal nanofluids that can operate at high temperatures than water-based fluids. The introduction of Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles between graphene nanosheets not only physically increases the inter-plane distance of the graphene nanosheet but also provides numerous anchoring points for surface modification. Phosphate-terminated polydimethylsiloxane chains, which have high compatibility with the silicone oil base fluids and hightemperature stability, were synthesized and utilized to modify the Fe_3 O_4 nanoparticle surfaces. The attached chains create steric hindrance and effectively screen the strong inter-plane van der Waals attraction between graphene sheets. Dispersion stability of the nanofluids with different concentrations of surface-modified hybrid nanoparticles and heated under different temperatures was investigated. We have demonstrated that such fluids could maintain stable dispersion under a heating temperature up to 150 °C depending on the concentration of the hybrid nanoparticles. The resultant nanofluids maintained stable dispersion after repeated heating and were employed for consistent direct solar-thermal energy harvesting at 100 °C.