甲壳三糖-g-壳聚糖/累托石纳米复合材料作为基因载体的研究

本文合成了甲壳三糖-g-壳聚糖（TCS），并与累托石插层复合制备纳米复合材料，采用XRD和TEM对其进行了表征。粒径分析结果表明，两种分子量的TCS与pDNA复合物的粒径大小都在75nm左右，而累托石加入后，其粒径都不同程度的增加，最大达到191nm。在PBS中的聚集动力学及琼脂糖凝胶电泳实验发现，高分子量TCS /pDNA复合物较低分子量复合物稳定，而累托石的加入降低了其稳定性。体外转染实验初步表明，甲壳三糖-g-壳聚糖/累托石-DNA复合物能介入肝癌细胞中并表达荧光。该纳米复合材料可作为潜在的非病毒基因载体。     

Nanostructured LiMn2O4 and their composites as high-performance cathodes for lithium-ion batteries

Improvement of the energy density and power density of the lithium-ion batteries is urgently required with the rapid development of electric vehicles and portable electronic devices. The spinel LiMn2O4 is one of the most promising cathode materials due to its low cost, nontoxicity, and improved safety compared with commercial LiCoO2. Developing nanostructured electrode materials represents one of the most attractive strategies to dramatically enhance battery performance, such as capacity, rate capability and cycling life. Currently, extensive efforts have been devoted to developing nanostructured LiMn2O4 and LiMn2O4/carbon nanocomposites to further improve the rate capability of lithium-ion batteries for high-power applications. In this paper, recent progress in developing nanostructured LiMn2O4 and LiMn2O4/carbon nanocomposites is reviewed, and the benefits to the electrochemical performance of LiMn2O4-based cathodes by using these electrode materials are also discussed.     

纳米复合稀土永磁体Pr9-xDyxFe84.4-yCoyGa1Mn0.6B5（x=0,1,y=0,8）的反磁化行为和磁粘滞性

用电弧熔炼法制备了Pr9Fe84.4 B5Mn0.6 Ga1和Pr8Dy1Fe76.4 Co8B5Mn0.6 Ga1合金铸锭,然后利用熔体快淬法获得相应的薄带样品.分析了起始磁化,反磁化过程及样品的磁粘滞性,结果表明,两样品在室温下表现为单一硬磁相磁化行为,在低温下表现为双相行为.Co和Dy的联合添加使软磁相的晶粒尺寸减小,而晶粒间交换耦合作用增强,样品的形核场增大.磁粘滞性研究表明,Co和Dy联合掺杂的样品磁粘滞系数的增大是由软磁晶粒大小的减小导致热激活体积增加而引起的.     

Synergic catalytic effect of Ti hydride and Nb nanoparticles for improving hydrogenation and dehydrogenation kinetics of Mg-based nanocomposite

The Mg-9.3 wt% (TiH1.971-TiH)?0.7 wt% Nb nanocomposite has been synthesized by hydrogen plasma-metal reaction (HPMR) approach to enhance the hydrogen sorption kinetics of Mg at moderate temperatures by providing nanosizing effect of increasing H “diffusion channels” and adding transition metallic catalysts. The Mg nanoparticles (NPs) were in hexagonal shape range from 50 to 350 nm and the average size of the NPs was 177 nm. The small spherical TiH1.971, TiH and Nb NPs of about 25 nm uniformly decorated on the surface of the big Mg NPs. The Mg-TiH1.971-TiH-Nb nanocomposite could quickly absorb 5.6 wt% H2 within 5 min at 573 K and 4.5 wt% H2 within 5 min at 523 K, whereas the pure Mg prepared by HPMR could only absorb 4 and 1.5 wt% H2 at the same temperatures. TiH1.971, TiH and Nb NPs transformed into TiH2 and NbH during hydrogenation and recovered after dehydrogenation process. The apparent activation energies of the nanocomposite for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation were 45.0 and 50.7 kJ mol?1, which are much smaller than those of pure Mg NPs, 123.8 and 127.7 kJ mol?1. The improved sorption kinetics of the Mg-based nanocomposite at moderate temperatures and the small activation energy can be interpreted by the nanostructure of Mg and the synergic catalytic effects of Ti hydrides and Nb NPs.     

PMMA/MT纳米复合材料的研究

用烷基铵盐对钠基蒙脱土进行有机化处理,使其成为有机蒙脱土.X射线衍射(XRD)表明有机阳离子同钠离子发生离子交换作用,导致层间距扩大.制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料,测试了力学性能、阻燃性能.通过XRD、DSC等手段研究了结构与性能,并与纯PMMA进行了对比.实验结果表明:PMMA可以插层于蒙脱土片层之中,得到共混物的力学性能和耐热性都有所提高.     

聚合物/层状无机物插层型纳米复合材料

本文概述了适于制备聚合物/层状无机物插层型纳米复合材料的主客体材料类型及聚合物插入到无机物层间的影响因素。简介了该复合材料的制备方法、结构和性能特征及潜在的应用前景。     

A hybrid hydrogel/textile composite as flame-resistant dress

Currently, the functional and cost-effective flame-resistant textiles(FRTs) are on high demand. However, such FRTs based on general polymer fabrics are always expensive, readily decompose, and their temperatures quickly rise once exposed to thermal environments. Inspired by the large specific heat of water and high decomposition temperature of inorganic substances like SiO₂, this study establishes a simple casting strategy for preparing flameresistant gel/textiles(FR-GTs). The finding...     

Photo-improved hydrogen evolution reaction activity of the Pt/CdS electrocatalyst

The effect of CdS content on the photo-induced improvement of hydrogen evolution reaction activity of the Pt/CdS electrocatalyst was investigated. Although the electrons transferred from CdS to Pt in the Pt/CdS electrocatalyst increased with the CdS content under illumination, the electrochemical active surface area of the Pt/CdS electrocatalyst decreased with the CdS content, resulting that the photo-induced improvement of hydrogen evolution reaction activity of the Pt/CdS electrocatalyst decreased with the CdS content.     

纳米CaCO_3-PVC复合材料微观结构和力学性能研究

将纳米CaCO3 进行表面改性 ,制备了纳米CaCO3 PVC复合材料。用透射电子显微镜观察纳米CaCO3 改性前后及纳米CaCO3 PVC复合材料的微观结构。结果表明 ,表面改性后纳米CaCO3 在PVC基体中达到了纳米级的分散 ,对PVC复合材料有显著的增韧作用 ,复合材料的缺口冲击强度达到 41 2kJ/m2 。此外 ,还研究了纳米Ca CO3 PVC的流变性能     

Ga添加对纳米晶双相永磁材料Pr2(FeCo)14B/α-FeCo的磁化行为及晶间交换耦合作用的影响

用熔旋快淬法制备了各向同性的纳米晶双相永磁薄带Pr9Fe74Co12B5与Pr9Fe74Co12B5Ga.通过测量样品的起始磁化曲线、小回线及回复曲线,分析了样品中的磁化行为及晶间交换耦合作用.结果表明两样品中矫顽力机理均为畴壁钉扎型.Ga添加后富集于晶界处,使样品中畴壁钉扎型的矫顽力机理更加均匀,且钉扎程度加强,同时Ga添加降低了软磁相-αFeCo的晶粒尺寸使样品中晶间交换耦合作用显著增强.