考虑引入渠道竞争的双渠道信号传递策略

在一个存在高低两种类型制造商的供应链中,通过对制造商向零售商进行信号传递策略的研究,把制造商引入渠道竞争的动机解释为"渠道竞争"及"信息非对称"两种效应.把零售商努力纳入需求函数,建模分析了不完全信息条件下单(双)渠道供应链中制造商通过调整入场费和批发价进行信号传递的决策.并在此基础上通过两种渠道模式下供应链成员决策参数的对比,重点分析了渠道入侵对信号传递策略两种效应的综合影响.研究发现:两种模式下,制造商都需要通过向上扭曲批发价、降低支付给零售商的入场费来进行信号传递,同时零售商会减少附加值服务的提供;但当满足一定条件时,制造商可以通过引入线上直销渠道降低批发价向上扭曲的概率(即更容易实现自然分离),并减少信号传递成本;产品需求波动性、需求对零售商提供附加服务的敏感性以及渠道间竞争强度都将在一定程度上影响引入渠道竞争的效果.     

IGF-PI3K-Akt信号通路在生理性心肌肥大中的作用研究进展

心肌肥大是心肌细胞对多种刺激因素的复杂反应。心肌肥大可以分为三种:心肌的正常生长、运动诱导生理性心肌肥大和病理性心肌肥大。近年来,研究表明心肌的正常生长以及运动诱导的心肌生理性肥大,主要是通过IGF-PI3K-Akt信号通路进行信号转导。本文就IGF-PI3K-Akt信号转导通路的结构特点、调节过程作一综述。     

断裂带作为油气散失通道的输导能力

通过断裂散失的油气量主要与断裂带的输导能力、实际进入断裂带的油气量、断裂通道的长度、散失时间和储层分流系数等参数有关。断裂带输导能力的主要因素是断裂带的宽度和储层渗透率。利用断裂散失模型计算了不同规模的断裂带作为油气散失通道的输导能力。计算结果表明 ,大型断裂带输导油气的能力远大于储层输导油气的能力。断裂活动期进入“通天”大断裂带的油气主要趋于散失 ;小断裂由于储层的分流作用 ,即使在活动期 ,它作为油气散失通道的作用也是有限的 ,其油气的散失量可以忽略不计。     

多级企业集团R&D决策的信号博弈分析

为了帮助企业集团制定 R& D决策 ,建立了不完全信息库诺特市场上三级企业集团关于 R& D及其经济增长的模型 ,并采用信号博弈分析了该模型 ,给出了集团的最优决策 .在给出了模型的基本描述后 ,建立并用信号博弈分析了下游企业 C的模型 ,给出了其最优决策 ,也同样分析了中游企业 B和上游企业 A.集团公司的最优创新大小依赖于贴现因子、它的类型、价格和工资 .在集团中 ,上游企业的最优创新大小影响下游企业的最优创新大小     

一种新型的数字编码轨道电路

基于现有UM71无绝缘轨道电路的传输通道,讨论了各种传输方案,提出了一种采用模拟调频方式的32位数字编码轨道电路,选用TMS320C32作为CPU,设计了发送和接收子系统,最后给出了室内仿真试验及其结果.     

信息不对称下企业并购信号传递博弈模型研究

根据企业并购中的信息不对称现象,结合不完全信息动态博弈及信息经济学的有关理论,建立了目标企业与并购企业之间的信号传递博弈模型,并进行了实例分析,结果表明,目标企业所发出的信号能够反映出目标企业的真实质量,尽管并购企业不能直接观察到目标企业的价值,但可以通过观测目标企业发出的信号来判断目标企业的预期价值水平,并据此作出正确的并购行为.     

两种信令方式的转换及其实现

介绍了目前应用于我国长途电话交换局的两种主要的线路信令方式及其转换原理．分析了可能出现的“闭塞”现象，提出了解决方法，给出了实现方案和实际应用结果．     

The phytotoxins ofMycosphaerella fijiensis,the causative agent of Black Sigatoka disease of bananas and plantains

Black Sigatoka is the most costly to control disease of bananas and plantains in the world. Currently, a worldwide search is underway either to find or to produce cultivars that are disease-resistant or-tolerant. Phytotoxins isolated from the pathogen might facilitate the discovery of such cultivars. Several aromatic compounds from liquid cultures ofMycosphaerella fijiensis, the causal agent of Black Sigatoka disease of bananas and plantains, have been isolated. The most abundant and phytotoxic of these compounds is 2,4,8-trihydroxytetralone, which induces necrotic lesions at 5 g/5 l in less than 12 h on sensitive cultivars of bananas. This compound exhibits host-selectivity that mimics that of the pathogen. Other phytotoxins isolated from this fungus, in lesser amounts, were juglone, the novel compound 2-carboxy-3-hydroxycinnamic acid, isoochracinic acid and 4-hydroxyscytalone. Some of the phytotoxins isolated are melanin shunt pathway metabolites, which makes this fungus unique among plant pathogens.     

Milestone of the meridian science──970th anniversary of the Chinese Bronze Statue of Meridian

For more than a thousand years, Chinese people were aware of the transmitted sensations by the application of needles on the body surface. This practice is called acupuncture. Acupuncture had been recorded and transcribed in writings and in drawings, until finally the acupoints were inscribed onto a bronze statue. The bronze statue was called the Meridian Figure. Deeply embodied in the bronze statue is a tripartite confrontation-prism representation of the humans body. This concept was a great scientific achievement in ancient China. The author traces the history of Meridian science described in traditional Chinese medical terms. Then he explores a clear analogy of the meridian pathway (MP) phenomenon. In a model system, by using a simple segmental in vertebrate, certain parallels can be demonstrated with the meridian concept. For example, the author demonstrated a clear correlation rule among the central mechano-sensory channels, and characteristics of positional discrimination in individual nerve cells from different receptive field inputs. The evidence suggests that the MP phenomenon is an objective neurobiological response. To clarify the research objective in this paper, the author suggests that the MP is a bi-directional pathway along which a positional message signal is transmitted. This phenomenon is evoked by physical stimulation, transmitted linearly across the human body segments, and is perceived by the brain. The MP consists of low resistance paths, is connected by the liquid media contained in the apposite membranous structure. At the cellular level, the regulation functions of MP must pass through along this low resistance path. Two aspects of the modern Meridian research are the functional regulation and the mechanism of intercellular liquid modulation at the nanometer level.     

电离辐射引发细胞凋亡的信号通路

电离辐射诱发细胞产生凋亡与细胞的辐射敏感性有关，而辐射的生物学效应则因其引发细胞凋亡的信号通路不同而有差异。辐射诱发凋亡作用过程至少包括SAPK／JNK信号通路及依赖于DNA损伤、依赖于胞质电离损伤和依赖于质膜损伤的四种信号通路。本文就辐射诱发细胞凋亡的信号传导途径进行简介。