HPLC法测定福建红曲中的桔霉素

采用薄板层析对红曲样品进行初步的分离，降低了红曲中色素的干扰，根据桔霉素本身具有在激发态下产生荧光的特性，结合荧光检测采用反相HPLC法较为成功地测出福建红曲中桔霉素的含量。     

红曲霉产生的生理活性物质的研究──Ⅰ．含麦角固醇红曲霉产红色素的条件因子及其培养条件

在研究红曲霉产生生理活性物质的过程中，获得麦角固醇含量较高的红曲霉菌株，从中选择两株进行产生红色素条件因子的研究，实验结果表明，甘油、大米粉、温度、ｐＨ对产生红曲色素具有较大的制约作用。     

红曲霉产生的生理活性物质的研究──Ⅱ．红曲霉菌株产生麦角固醇的研究

红曲霉Ｍｏｎａｓｃｕｓｐｕｒｐｕｒｅｕｓ７２１菌株不仅能产生红曲色素，而且还能产生麦角固醇。在１００ｇ干菌体中可获１ｇ以上麦角固醇。该菌株以大米粉培养基培养最适宜，发酵周期为９６ｈ，产生的麦角固醇最高吸收值为２８１ｎｍ，产生的红曲色素平均色价约为８０。     

Enhancement of monacolin K production via intergeneric protoplast fusion between Aspergillus terreus and Monascus anka

Intergenric protoplast fusion between Aspergillus terreus CA99 and Monascus anka M-3, the high and low producers of monacolin K respectively，was performed for enhancement of monacolin K production. The 24-hour-old mycelia of A. terreus CA99 and M. anka M-3 were treated with 0.5% lywallzyme, 0.3% snailase and 0.3% cellulase at 34℃ for 5 h and at 30℃ for 3.5 h, and their protoplasts formation reached 1.76×10⁷/mL and 1.68×10⁷/mL respectively. Parental protoplasts were irradiated with a 30 W UV light away from 30 cm for 3 min and then mixed. The mixture was incubated with 30% PEG 6000 for 15 min. The reviving fusants were isolated on the regeneration plates. Of the 363 fusants isolated, over 100 showed enhanced monacolin K production compared with the parental strain M. anka M-3. Ten of them produced monacolin K about 1.6-fold of that M.anka M-3 does and the monacolin K titer of two fusants (F49 and F104) increased by about 1-fold. The monacolin K yields of F49 and F104 were 460 μg/mL and 457 μg/mL respectively. In optimized fermentation medium, the monacolin K titer of F49 reached 1216 μg/mL.     

Enhancement of monacolin K production via intergeneric protoplast fusion between Aspergillus terreus and Monascus anka

Intergenric protoplast fusion between Aspergillus terreus CA99 and Monascus anka M-3, the high and low producers of monacolin K respectively,was performed for enhancement of monacolin K production. The 24-hour-old mycelia of A. terreus CA99 and M. anka M-3 were treated with 0.5% lywallzyme, 0.3% snailase and 0.3% cellulase at 34℃ for 5 h and at 30℃ for 3.5 h, and their protoplasts formation reached 1.76×107/mL and 1.68×107/mL respectively. Parental protoplasts were irradiated with a 30 W UV light away from 30 cm for 3 min and then mixed. The mixture was incubated with 30% PEG 6000 for 15 min. The reviving fusants were isolated on the regeneration plates. Of the 363 fusants isolated, over 100 showed enhanced monacolin K production compared with the parental strain M. anka M-3. Ten of them produced monacolin K about 1.6-fold of that M.anka M-3 does and the monacolin K titer of two fusants (F49 and F104) increased by about 1-fold. The monacolin K yields of F49 and F104 were 460 μg/mL and 457 μg/mL respectively. In optimized fermentation medium, the monacolin K titer of F49 reached 1216 μg/mL.     

酿酒用高产洛伐他汀红曲菌的筛选

为获得酿酒用高产洛伐他汀红曲菌株,研究以洛伐他汀含量、红曲色素色价、桔霉素含量及红曲菌产酶能力为评价指标,通过固态发酵法从不同产地40份红曲米中筛选出1株高产洛伐他汀的菌株H5-3,经形态观察和分子生物学鉴定,判定该菌株为紫色红曲菌。经过检测,菌株H5-3的洛伐他汀产量高达17.90mg/g,红色素色价3195.27μ/g,糖化酶、液化酶、酸性蛋白酶的活力分别达2514.26、0.32、300.19U/g,且该菌株不产桔霉素,是可应用于红曲黄酒酿造的功能红曲菌。进一步将该紫色红曲菌H5-3应用于红曲黄酒的酿造,制得的红曲黄酒中洛伐他汀质量浓度63.75mg/L,红色素色价22.86μ/mL,酒精度14.86%,总酸4.90g/L,氨基酸态氮0.83g/L。对制得的红曲黄酒风味物质进行分析,发现有机酸质量浓度为12.70g/L,其中乳酸、乙酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸为其主要成分,分别占总量质量分数的28.2%、21.9%、14.5%、12.2%、5.7%;游离氨基酸质量浓度3540.58mg/L;在挥发性风味物质中,酯类、醇类为主要成分,分别占总量质量分数的48.4%、43.9%,其中乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、丁二酸二乙酯、正丙醇、苯乙醇等含量较高,对风味有较大贡献;有机酸、游离氨基酸和挥发性风味物质含量比例协调。希望研究对传统红曲菌种资源的发掘利用以及红曲黄酒保健功能的提升具有参考价值。     

麦麸米糠混合发酵生产红曲色素条件的研究

以廉价农产品废弃物麦麸和米糠为原料,通过单因素试验,正交试验和附加碳、氮源及微量元素试验,研究了接种量、发酵温度和发酵时间对红曲SM01色素产量的影响。确定了红曲SM01的最佳发酵条件为接种量13%,发酵温度30℃,发酵时间10 d;最佳附加方案为葡萄糖+硝酸铵+甘油+ KH2PO4+ MgSO4。 在上述培养条件下,以低成本的麦麸、米糠、葡萄糖、硝酸铵、甘油及微量元素混合物来代替大米培养红曲霉,色价高达3 789 U/g,降低了约30%的生产成本。     

红曲橙色素对人胃腺癌细胞AGS诱导凋亡的作用

经分离纯化获得红曲霉发酵产品中的一种橙色素,通过HPLC-MS和NMR检测,确认为Monascorubrin,分子组成为C23H26O5.体外实验表明,该色素组分能有效抑制人胃癌细胞AGS的增殖,IC50值为7.98±0.71μmol·L-1.5μmol·L-1药物处理24h,93.70%AGS细胞进入凋亡前期.细胞凋亡程度与药物浓度呈正相关关系.该色素组分对AGS细胞生长抑制效果显著优于紫杉醇(P0.01),且对人正常胃上皮细胞(GES-1)的毒性作用较紫杉醇小(P0.05).     

紫色红曲霉的微波诱变及其产红曲色素发酵条件的优化

以紫色红曲霉S1为出发菌株进行微波诱变,筛选出产红曲色素能力最高的突变株紫色红曲霉S1-29,其红曲色素值达3 240 U/g,比出发菌株提高了57%.针对菌株S1-29固态发酵培养产红曲色素的条件进行优化,添加不同的碳源、氮源以及无机盐,研究添加物对产红曲色素能力的影响,并进行正交实验,得到最佳发酵条件:在大米基质中添加葡萄糖、蛋白胨、硫酸镁和磷酸氢二钾,使其质量分数分别为4%,6%,0.4%和0.3%,32 ℃培养11 d,菌株S1-29红曲色素值达到4 003 U/g,比优化前提高23.55%.     

两株紫色红曲菌根癌农杆菌介导的T-DNA转化子的生物学特性

从根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导的紫色红曲菌(Monascus purpureus)菌株S的转化子库中筛选出2株产红曲色素性能变化显著且遗传稳定的转化子S62和S158,分别对其菌落形态、显微结构、菌落生长速度、遗传稳定性、潮霉素抗性及其产色素和桔霉素的能力等进行了分析.结果表明,2株转化子的生物学特性均发生了显著变化,且发酵后红曲色素的色价和桔霉素的产量降低.其中:转化子S62液态发酵后色价为2.71 U/mL,仅为原始菌株S色价的0.04倍;转化子S158发酵后色价为17.62 U/mL.