散斑照相测量微米量级面内位移

本文用双曝光逐点分析法散斑照像测量涂有广告色的有机玻璃面内微位移,并对最小可测位移量进行了分析计算。测量结果与理论分析相符合。     

我国专业思想教育研究的文献计量学分析

以中国期刊网(CNKI)上的161务“专业思想教育”文章题录(1951 -2010年)作为研究样本,采用文献计量学研究方法,从文献数量、期刊年代分布、研究内容、研究对象、合作方式等视角进行分析,揭示我国专业思想教育研究的成果和不足,并从学校、政府及社会团体等层面提出具有针对性的对策和建议.     

关于计量抽样检查的两个问题

本文讨论了“s”法单侧规格限小批量(N=10,20;n/N=0.2,0.3,0.35,0.5)且p=0时的计量抽检适用性问题。给出了对应ISO2859一次方案Ac=0的计量方案。导出了σ已知的(n,k/Ac)型计量-计数混合方案。     

灰色系统理论的发展、应用与扩散特征研究

通过采集中国期刊网数据库题目中含有灰色系统的文献,对20世纪80年代初以来灰色系统研究成果的规模和增长态势、主要研究机构、期刊、主题和学科分布结构,文献的产生方式、高被引成果等进行分析,揭示了我国灰色系统的产生、发展、扩散特征以及存在的问题。     

From artefacts to atoms - A new SI for 2018 to be based on fundamental constants

At the 26th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) in November 2018, it is planned to adopt a new definition of the International System of Units, SI, based on the fixed numerical values of seven defining constants, broadly the fundamental constants of physics. This will be the culmination of more than two hundred years of metrology, instantiating for the first time the original ideas of the creators of the metric system. The key is the replacement of the present definition of the unit of mass, the kilogram artefact of platinum-iridium, by one based on a fixed numerical value of the Planck constant. This article outlines how this has come about, how it will work, why we need a system of measurement that is uniform, accessible world-wide and stable in the long term, and the international structures that now exist to achieve it.     

Calibration: Modelling the measurement process

Calibration procedures establish a reliable relation between the final states (‘indications’) of a measurement process and features of the objects being measured (‘outcomes’). This article analyzes the inferential structure of calibration procedures. I show that calibration is a modelling activity, namely the activity of constructing, deriving predictions from, and testing theoretical and statistical models of a measurement process. Measurement outcomes are parameter value ranges that maximize the predictive accuracy and mutual coherence of such models, among other desiderata. This model-based view of calibration clarifies the source of objectivity of measurement outcomes, the nature of measurement accuracy, and the close relationship between measurement and prediction. Contrary to commonly held views, I argue that measurement standards are not necessary for calibration, although they are useful in maintaining coherence across large networks of measurement procedures.     

干涉式大气垂直探测仪主光学装置设计

介绍了干涉式大气垂直探测仪主光学装置光学系统和机械结构的设计．分析了光学系统的成像质量．利用有限元技术对机械结构进行了分析和计算,得到了满足仪器性能要求的设计结果。     

模糊数学在计量学中应用初探

本文分析了计量学中与模糊有关的慨念.将模糊数学中的隶属度、综合评判和聚类分析等概念和处理方法应用于计量学中物理标准的评选、分类和量值预估等问题。结果表明:将模糊数学与计量学相结合可使计量中一些与模糊性有关的概念得到更确切的表达,对一些用经典数学难以处理的问题得到更合理的结果。     

A revolution without tooth and claw—Redefining the physical base units

A case study is presented of a recent proposal by the major metrology institutes to redefine four of the physical base units, namely kilogram, ampere, mole, and kelvin. The episode shows a number of features that are unusual for progress in an objective science: for example, the progress is not triggered by experimental discoveries or theoretical innovations; also, the new definitions are eventually implemented by means of a voting process. In the philosophical analysis, I will first argue that the episode provides considerable evidence for confirmation holism, i.e. the claim that central statements in fundamental science cannot be tested in isolation; second, that the episode satisfies many of the criteria which Kuhn requires for scientific revolutions even though one would naturally classify it as normal science. These two observations are interrelated since holism can provide within normal science a possible source of future revolutionary periods.