Suggestion of a dynamic model of North China basin-range system

It is found from preliminary studies that previous basin-range models have difficulties in explaining the formation of the Mesozoic North-China basin-range system. This work suggests a new model-"tectonic thermal erosion" model, which considers the North China basin of Late Mesozoic and its peripheral ranges as a unified system, identifies relationship between upwelling and lateral spreading of the asthenolith with horizontal movement and deformation of the upper crust in the system, clarifies the effects of underplating erosion on the crustal evolution, and tries to establish an earth-dynamic model of the North China Mesozoic basin-range supported by numerical simulation.     

Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic décollement structure and its deep geological background in western Shandong,China

Data from seismic reflection profiles,drilling,stratigraphy,structural deformation studies and physical rock properties reveal the existence of drcollement structures in both shallow and deep levels in western Shandong,China.The most outstanding shallow décollement structures occur along the regional unconformity surface between the Cambrian and Archean,and the disconformity surface between the Carboniferous and Ordovician.The drcollement structure surface manifests as a fault zone with cataclastic rocks and asymmetrical folds.Some of the cataclastic rocks underwent dynamic metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration,including silicification,marbleization and specularite mineralization.Above the decollement structure,the bottom of the Cambrian might be missing or overprinted because of decollement.The striations,asymmetrical folds and boudinage structures indicate the direction of the main décollement tothe NNW and NNE.A deep level decollement structure occurs at a depth of 12-22 km and up to 30 km distance to the south.The early Cretaceous and Eocene are two main periods of activity,with the Cretaceous decollement probably initiated by mantle upwelling derived from subduction and collision of the Yangtze Plate with the North China Plate along the Tancheng-Lujiang Fault in the late Triassicearly Jurassic.This circumstance implies a multidirection of subduction and collision of these two plates in the early late Mesozoic.(C) 2009 National Natural Science Foundation of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences.Published by Elsevier Limited and Science in China Press.All rights reserved.     

滇西保山地体东缘断裂带变形特征及运动学意义

在遥感图像解译和野外构造剖面测量基础上,通过断裂控盆控岩特点、断裂带宏观特征、构造岩组、显微构造研究,结合地球物理测量、地质年代学成果和断裂、褶皱和磨拉石盆地的组合特征,较全面论证了:(1)昌宁-营盘、柯街、勐波罗河、大桥四条断裂带是保山地体东缘主要断裂带;昌宁-营盘、柯街、勐波罗河三条断裂带是华力西期控盆控岩的正断层,在中-新生代,反转为逆冲推覆;大桥断裂带是中-新生代形成的盖层逆冲推覆断裂带.(2)保山地体东缘四条主要断裂带,在中-新生代[(71.6±1.1)Ma～32.1 Ma],皆具逆冲挤压兼微弱走滑的地质特征和单轴压缩的岩组特征,所显示的古构造应力场均为东西向挤压,表明其经历了统一应力场下的变形,反映了表壳岩层自西向东滑动推覆的运动学特征.(3)昌宁-营盘断裂带为深切至沉积盖层之下的断面西倾的铲形低角度断层,既构成保山地体与临沧地体的边界断裂,也构成弧形推覆褶皱带的主逆冲推覆断裂.(4)保山地体东缘,在中-新生代,表壳岩层具由西向东滑动的运动学特征,是一个中-新生代[(71.6±1.1)Ma～32.1 Ma]弧形褶皱-推覆造山带.     

宁夏六盘山盆地中新生代地质演化研究

六盘山是宁夏最大的中、新生代沉积盆地,经历了复杂的地质演化过程,根据盆地的野外地质观察资料和已有工作的成果,对六盘山盆地沉积层序、岩性特征、沉积环境及地质构造进行了综合对比研究,将六盘山盆地中、新生代划分为3个演化阶段,其中在三叠纪至侏罗纪期间是盆地初始形成阶段,经历主体抬升,逆冲推覆构造体系得到充分的发展,并与盆地北部形成小型山间,白垩纪盆地北部小型山间合而为一,盆地沉积中心逐渐向南迁移,盆地进入独立演化发育阶段．新生代为盆地改造期,盆地西缘的构造逆冲作用逐步加强,继承性逆冲推覆再度活动,在原有的构造带基础上,出现新的构造变化,形成了新生代同（心）-海（原）-固（原）盆地．     

中新生代天山及其两侧盆地性质与演化

天山两侧中新生代盆地中的沉积记录、沉积中心展布及其迁移特征反映了盆地演化特征,天山地区的年代学数据则是构造活动的响应。这些沉积学记录、年代学记录及山前构造变形与天山地区的构造演化、天山快速隆升和区域地壳缩短相对应,反映晚侏罗世晚期—早白垩世早期、晚新生代是天山快速隆升的2个时期,也是盆地性质发生转变的重要时期。综合分析认为,天山两侧盆地早中侏罗世为陆内断陷坳陷盆地阶段,晚侏罗世—早白垩世早期盆地开始进入挤压背景下的陆内坳陷盆地阶段,晚新生代开始发育再生前陆盆地。天山晚新生代构造变形总体显示西强东弱的特点,这种变形差异可能与帕米尔构造结的向北推挤有关。     

新疆柴窝堡盆地新构造运动对地下水的影响

新疆柴窝堡盆地属天山地槽褶皱带博格达复背斜的一个中新生代山间盆地 ,含有丰富的地下水资源。柴窝堡盆地总的轮廓和结构 ,严格受构造控制 ,而地形和微地貌则主要受河流水系的制约。根据新构造格局 ,把柴窝堡盆地分割成三个独立的水文地质区 ,提出新构造断块上升 ,盆地沉降 ,不但控制了柴窝堡盆地第四纪沉积物厚度和岩性 ,也控制了地下水的补给、径流、排泄条件。     

西昌盆地的形成与演化

基于西昌地区中、新生代地层、古生物、岩相古地理及区域地质的研究，将该区中、新生代的构造演化分为两大阶段：早、中三叠世以拉张为主的块断差异升降阶段和晚三叠世至今以挤压为主的盆地形成与演化阶段。前者控制了区内海相层系的分布；后者可进一步分为前陆盆地形成阶段、盆地形成和发展阶段、盆地萎缩阶段和盆地改造阶段。     

Late Mesozoic–Cenozoic de′collement structure and its deep geological background in western Shandong, China

Data from seismic reflection profiles, drilling, stratigraphy, structural deformation studies and physical rock properties reveal the existence of de′col1ement structures in both shallow and deep levels in western Shandong, China. The most outstanding shallow de′col1ement structures occur along the regional unconformity surface between the Cambrian and Archean, and the disconformity surface between the Carboniferous and Ordovician. The de′col1ement structure surface manifests as a fault zone with cataclastic rocks and asymmetrical folds. Some of the cataclastic rocks underwent dynamic metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration, including silicification, marbleization and specularite mineralization. Above the de′col1ement structure, the bottom of the Cambrian might be missing or overprinted because of de′collement. The striations, asymmetrical folds and boudinage structures indicate the direction of the main de′collement to the NNW and NNE. A deep level de′collement structure occurs at a depth of 12–22 km and up to 30 km distance to the south. The early Cretaceous and Eocene are two main periods of activity, with the Cretaceous de′collement probably initiated by mantle upwelling derived from subduction and collision of the Yangtze Plate with the North China Plate along the Tancheng-Lujiang Fault in the late Triassic–early Jurassic. This circumstance implies a multidirection of subduction and collision of these two plates in the early late Mesozoic.     

四川盆地地表剥蚀量恢复及其意义

磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)热隆升史模拟能够定量恢复盆地四维动态热隆升剥蚀过程.根据四川盆地93件磷灰石裂变径迹样品定量热史模拟表明,晚白垩世以来盆地发生了广泛的阶段式抬升剥蚀作用,即晚白垩世(～65 Ma前)快速隆升剥蚀、古近纪(65～23 Ma前左右)缓慢隆升剥蚀、新近纪(23 Ma前至今)快速隆升剥蚀.晚白垩世至今盆地范围内隆升剥蚀总厚度普遍大于2.5 km,新近纪快速隆升剥蚀幅度普遍大于1 km.进一步结合31组镜质体反射率反演校正剥蚀量数据,编绘阶段性(晚白垩世以来和新近纪)四川盆地地表剥蚀量等厚图,综合表明晚白垩世以来四川盆地隆升剥蚀量等值线展布格局发生根本变化,即早期主要以NE向展布格局为主(具近NE向和E-W向特征),新近纪则主要以近E-W向展布格局、盆地南北分异(北部地区隆升剥蚀量普遍小于2 km,南部地区普遍大于2 km)为主.四川盆地大中型油气田空间分布与晚中生代-新生代低剥蚀量具有密切联系.     

雅克拉断凸张扭断裂构造特征与油气运聚关系

通过对三维地震资料的解释可知, 雅克拉断凸中的晚第三纪张扭性断裂系统具有东西分块、南北分带的基本特征, 主要发育4种断裂构造样式: 阶梯状断裂构造、掀斜断块构造、堑垒式构造和负花状构造。与张扭性断裂系统有关的圈闭构造样式主要有4种: 断鼻与断背斜、掀斜断块、逆牵引背斜和地垒。张扭断裂系统主要活动期为晚第三纪吉迪克期和康村期, 其形成的圈闭与生烃期有较好的匹配关系。雅克拉断凸张扭性断裂系统在白垩系和第三系油气聚集过程中, 断裂的垂向运移通道作用表现得极为明显, 但是断层的侧向封堵对油气的聚集成藏也起到了至关重要的作用。