一次典型MCC卫星云图及雷达回波特征分析

2010年6月19日夜间,贵州北部普降暴雨及大暴雨,分析认为,这是由位于贵州中北部、重庆南部的一个中尺度对流复合体(MCC)造成的.利用常规的micaps观测资料、自动站资料及卫星tBB和雷达资料分析了这次MCC的云图和回波特征,结果表明,这次MCC系统造成的降水范围大、雨强强、分布较集中,卫星云图上tBB最小值达-90℃以下,-80℃冷云区面积和MCC的总降水量存在一定的正相关,-80℃冷云区面积越大,MCC总降水量也越大.MCC在雷达回波上表现出一条类似飑线的带状回波和零星的块状回波,带状回波造成的降水强度大,常常造成暴雨和大暴雨.     

Generalized moist potential vorticity and its application in the analysis of atmospheric flows

Potential vorticity(PV)serves as an important dynamic tracer for large-scale motions in the atmosphere and oceans.Significant pro-gress has been made on the understanding and application of PV since the work of Hoskins et al,who introduced an"IPV thinking"of a dynamical system in a purely dry atmosphere.In particular,there has been a substantial amount of work done on the PV in a general moist atmosphere.In this paper,the generalized moist potential vorticity(GMPV)and its application in the mesoscale meteorological fields are reviewed.The GMPV is derived for a real atmosphere(neither completely dry nor saturated)by introducing a generalized potential temperature instead of the potential temperature or equivalent potential temperature.Such a generalization can depict the moist effect on PV anomaly in the non-uniformly saturated atmosphere.The effect of mass forcing induced by rainfall on the anomaly of GMPV is also reviewed and a new dynamic variable,the convective vorticity vector(CVV),is introduced in connection with GMPV.2008 National Natural Science Foundation of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences.Published by Elsevier Limited and Science in China Press.All rights reserved.     

闽中—次突发性局部大暴雨的中尺度分析

利用NCEP1°×1°再分析资料、常规观测资料、加密自动气象站以及多普勒雷达资料,对2009年6月3日～4日出现在福建中部沿海地区的局部大暴雨进行了中尺度分析。结果表明：暴雨是在比较有利的天气背景条件下产生的,高空槽、低涡切变线以及地面中尺度切变线是其主要影响系统;对流层中低层大量的水汽输送和对流有效位能的积累为大暴雨的形成提供了有利的环境条件,低层弱冷空气入侵使西南暖湿气流被迫抬升、地面中尺度切变线的形成是暴雨发生的触发机制。     

温州"9.4"台风倒槽特大暴雨分析

运用T106数值预报产品、MM5模式结合Q矢量计算NCEP资料、天气实况及卫星云图等非常规资料,对1999年9月4日凌晨在远离9909号热带风暴中心的浙江省温州市引发的特大暴雨进行了探讨。发现秋季在厦门以南至广东东部登陆的台风,在浙中南沿海形成台风倒槽,该倒槽内的暖湿切变线的中尺度对流复合体(Mesoscale Convective Complex,MCC)是引起特大暴雨的重要条件。从计算得出的Q矢量散度分布看,本次特大暴雨降水发生时间和量级与该时段内温州经历的强Q矢量散度梯度发展有密切联系。同时,温州呈东北-西南走向的海岸线及境内雁荡山脉有利地形的抬升作用,对本次热带风暴倒槽降水中局地特大暴雨的形成有重要贡献。     

德兴“6.15”特大暴雨天气过程的特征分析

利用高空和地面观测资料、WRF数值模式和IHR_LAPS系统资料,对2011年6月15日特大暴雨过程的环境场及物理量特征进行综合分析,结果表明:(1)低涡切变线、中高层冷温槽,以及与高空急流的合理配置,加强了暴雨区垂直环流发展,使降水区形成高空辐散、低空辐合的流场特征,促进了强降水的产生;(2)低层强而持续的水汽输送是产生强降水和大暴雨必需的水汽条件;(3)强降水区域对流有效位能大值区与暴雨中心相对应,对流有效位能的时空变化能较好地反映暴雨的时空演变特征;(4)地面温度密集区的存在,温度梯度锋稳定少动,有利于地面中尺度辐合的形成、发展和维持,有利于强降雨的发生;(5)暴雨产生在中低层螺旋度中心和不稳定能量高能区中,局地螺旋度大值中心的高低层耦合叠加且持续,对暴雨的落区及预报有指示意义。     

Influence of mesoscale topography on vortex intensity

The effect of mesoscale topography on multi-vortex self-organization is investigated numerically in this paper using a barotropic primitive equation model with topographic term. In the initial field there are one DeMaria major vortex with the maximum wind radius rm of 80 km at the center of the computational domain, and four meso-β vortices in the vicinity of rm to the east of the major vortex center. When there is no topography present, the initial vortices self-organize into a quasi-final state flow pattern, i.e. a quasi-axisymmetric vortex whose intensity is close to that of the initial major vortex. However, when a mesoscale topography is incorporated, the spatial scale of the quasi-final state vortex reduces, and the relative vorticity at the center of the vortex and the local maximum wind speed remarkably increase. The possible mechanism for the enhancement of the quasi-final state vortex might be that the negative relative vorticity lump, generated above the mesoscale topography because of the constraint of absolute vorticity conservation, squeezes the center of positive vorticity towards the mountain slope area, and thus reduces the spatial range of the major vortex. Meanwhile, because the total kinetic energy is basically conservative, the squeezing directly leads to the concentration of the energy in a smaller area, i.e. the strengthening of the vortex.     

Influence of mesoscale topography on vortex intensity

The effect of mesoscale topography on multi-vortex self-organization is investigated numerically in this paper using a barotropic primitive equation model with topographic term. In the initial field there are one DeMaria major vortex with the maximum wind radius rm of 80 km at the center of the computational domain, and four meso-β vortices in the vicinity of rm to the east of the major vortex center.When there is no topography present, the initial vortices self-organize into a quasi-final state flow pattern, I.e. A quasi-axisymmetric vortex whose intensity is close to that of the initial major vortex. However, when a mesoscale topography is incorporated, the spatial scale of the quasi-final state vortex reduces, and the relative vorticity at the center of the vortex and the local maximum wind speed remarkably increase. The possible mechanism for the enhancement of the quasi-final state vortex might be that the negative relative vorticity lump,generated above the mesoscale topography because of the constraint of absolute vorticity conservation, squeezes the center of positive vorticity towards the mountain slope area, and thus reduces the spatial range of the major vortex. Meanwhile, because the total kinetic energy is basically conservative, the squeezing directly leads to the concentration of the energy in a smaller area, I.e. The strengthening of the vortex.     

Influence of mesoscale topography on vortex intensity

The effect of mesoscale topography on multi-vortex self-organization is investigated numerically in this paper using a barotropic primitive equation model with topographic term. In the initial field there are one DeMaria major vortex with the maximum wind radius rm of 80 km at the center of the computational domain, and four meso-b vortices in the vicinity of rm to the east of the major vortex center. When there is no topography present, the initial vortices self-organize into a quasi-final state ?ow pattern, i.e. a quasi-axisymmetric vortex whose intensity is close to that of the initial major vortex. However, when a mesoscale topography is incorporated, the spatial scale of the quasi-final state vortex reduces, and the relative vorticity at the center of the vortex and the local maximum wind speed remarkably increase. The possible mechanism for the enhancement of the quasi-?nal state vortex might be that the negative relative vorticity lump, generated above the mesoscale topography because of the constraint of absolute vorticity conservation, squeezes the center of positive vorticity towards the mountain slope area, and thus reduces the spatial range of the major vortex. Meanwhile, because the total kinetic energy is basically conservative, the squeezing directly leads to the concentration of the energy in a smaller area, i.e. the strengthening of the vortex.     

基于集群系统的中尺度预报模式平台的构建

随着信息技术的发展,高性能计算机系统近几年来已经得到普及应用,而集群系统作为构建高性能计算平台的比重也越来越大并逐渐成为一种主流模式。从气象行业的中尺度预报模式的需求出发,介绍了集群系统的构建过程,从基础硬件的搭建、运行环境的配置、并行通信模式等方面进行了详细的阐述。     

闽中一次突发性局部大暴雨的中尺度分析

利用NCEP1°×1°再分析资料、常规观测资料、加密自动气象站以及多普勒雷达资料,对2009年6月3日～4日出现在福建中部沿海地区的局部大暴雨进行了中尺度分析。结果表明:暴雨是在比较有利的天气背景条件下产生的,高空槽、低涡切变线以及地面中尺度切变线是其主要影响系统;对流层中低层大量的水汽输送和对流有效位能的积累为大暴雨的形成提供了有利的环境条件,低层弱冷空气入侵使西南暖湿气流被迫抬升、地面中尺度切变线的形成是暴雨发生的触发机制。