中世纪晚期宪政思想检视

中世纪是西方文明史上一个极其重要的阶段.中世纪的政治思想特别是其晚期的宪政思想,蕴涵着许多发人深思的东西.那些蕴涵其中的要素,决定了西方政治文化的基本走向.     

中世纪英国乡村体制构架补论

中世纪英格兰的乡村体制是农民生活的制度空间，具体而论，村社是国家行政和司法管理的基层单位，敞田制和公地经济的组织者，农民和领主关系的协调人。庄园是领主经济的生产单位，通过权力机构庄园法庭领主对农民行使司法权。     

An unusual silver celestial planisphere in the Whipple Museum

An unusual silver celestial planisphere is held in the collection of the Whipple Museum of the History of Science (Wh.1762); little information about this object is recorded in the museum’s documentation. A comparison of this silver example with celestial planispheres printed on paper, coupled with the consideration of other aspects of the lives and work of the cartographers and instrument-makers involved in producing such objects, suggests some possibilities regarding its production. Through this individual case study, I aim to demonstrate that the careful examination of an individual instrument, coupled with an understanding of the class of instruments to which it belongs and the milieu in which it was produced, can result in a deeper understanding of any given artefact, its circumstances of design and manufacture, and its intended use and users.     

英国创意产业在经济转型中的作用及启示

结合太原市的实际,借鉴英国的做法,提出了在太原市发展创意产业的总体设想、发展思路、具体布局及政策建议等,希望能为太原市的经济发展提供参考价值。     

Edward Gresham’s Astrostereon,or A Discourse of the Falling of the Planet (1603), the Copernican paradox,and the construction of early modern proto-scientific discourse

This paper investigates the functioning of the ‘Copernican paradox’ (stating that the Sun stands still and the Earth revolves around the Sun) in the late sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century England, with particular attention to Edward Gresham's (1565–1613) little-known and hitherto understudied astronomical treatise – Astrostereon, or A Discourse of the Falling of the Planet (1603). The text, which is fully appreciative of the heliocentric system, is analysed within a broader context of the ongoing struggles with the Copernican theory at the turn of the seventeenth century. The article finds that apart from having a purely rhetorical function, the ‘Copernican paradox’ featured in the epistemological debates on how early modern scientific knowledge should be constructed and popularised. The introduction of new scientific claims to sceptical audiences had to be done both through mathematical demonstrations and by referring to the familiar concepts and tools drawn from the inventory of humanist education. As this article shows, Gresham's rhetorical techniques used for the rejection of paradoxicality of heliocentrism are similar to some of the practices which Thomas Digges and William Gilbert employed in order to defend their own findings and assertions.     

世界历史上版图最大之帝国初探

古往今来世界上版图特大的帝国（王朝）有哪些，其中最大的是不是蒙古帝国——这是一个饶有兴趣并有待研究的问题。通过地图量算和文献研究，得知19世纪末20世纪初的大英帝国是世界历史上版图最大的帝国，1580-1640年的西班牙帝国是第二大的日不落帝国，19世纪中叶的俄罗斯帝国是欧亚美连成一片的第三大帝国，13—14世纪的蒙古帝国则是地跨欧亚的第四大帝国。     

论英格兰过错离婚制度的确立

英格兰早期由于信仰天主教而禁止离婚。16世纪亨利八世的离婚风波最终导致了英格兰宗教改革，建立了英国国教，同时也深深地冲击了婚姻立法领域。自此，英格兰开始踏上离婚改革之路，本文通过对史料的梳理，从而揭示英格兰世俗和宗教在婚姻家庭领域的力量对比以及最终确立过错离婚的历程，并对此改革进行分析。     

A new subgenus of the genus Colastes Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Exothecinae) for species reared from bracket fungi,with description of two new species from Europe

A new Holarctic subgenus (Fungivenator subgen. nov.) of the genus Colastes Haliday, 1833 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Exothecinae) is proposed for a group of species that, as far as is known, has its larvae living on hosts in bracket fungi. The type species (Colastes sandei sp. nov. from Netherlands, Germany and England) and a second species (C. fritzeni sp. nov.) from Finland are described and illustrated. A key to the five known species is included.     

Reconstruction of temperature series of China for the last 1000 years

This paper reports a study on reconstructing temperature series for ten regions of China over the last 1000 years with a time resolution of 10 a. The regions concerned are: Northeast, North, East, South China, Taiwan, Central, Southwest, Northwest China, Xinjiang and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A variety of proxy data, such as ice core, tree-rings, stalagmites, peat, lake sediments, pollen and historical records, were validated with instrumental observations made in the last 120 years, and applied in the recon- struction of the temperature series. A temperature series for whole China is then established by aver- aging the ten regional series with a weighting proportional to the area of each region. Finally, tem- perature variations for the last 1000 years are examined, with special focus placed on the characteris- tics of the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), the Little Ice Age (LIA), and Modern Warming (MW).