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1.
This is a contribution towards a history and philosophy of modeling in its early stages in electromagnetism. In 1873, James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) hinted at the methodology of modeling at the end of his Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. We focus on Maxwell's impact on physicists who immediately followed him, specifically Oliver Lodge (1851–1940) and George Francis FitzGerald (1851–1901). We begin with the role that the scientific concept of model played in the late nineteenth century, as assessed by Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906). We then discuss the role of hypothesis as a methodology, the appeal to (dynamical) illustration, and the way Maxwell applied model and working model in his studies of electromagnetism. We show that for Maxwell these key terms were kept distinct, but Lodge did not maintain these distinctions and, in this regard, FitzGerald followed Lodge. Notwithstanding Lodge's influence, Fitzgerald modified Maxwell's theory based on the mechanical model he designed, thereby implicitly taking the first step towards modeling. This methodology consists in drawing consequences from the (mechanical) model to the (electrodynamic) theory and modifying the latter in light of the functioning of the former. At the core of our argument is the thesis that it was a methodological novelty to move from the concept of model to the methodology of modeling. The introduction of modeling as a new methodology into physics in the late nineteenth century was a major event which deserves proper recognition. 相似文献
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《自然科学进展(英文版)》2019,29(2):217-223
In view of the special requirements for strength, heat resistance and corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling, the Al-6.2 Zn-2.5 Mg-1.6 Cu alloy was prepared by increasing Cu content on basis of Russian Series 1953 alloy. The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and properties of the alloy was characterized by optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM), and investigated by tensile test at room temperature, thermal exposure test and corrosion test. The results show that the strength after T6 aging treatment exhibit a decrease trend as an increase of the solution temperature from465 °C to 480 °C. After the solution treated by the rate of 470 °C/1 h, second phases dissolve into the matrix very well and the strength property reaches optimum. The alloy has better comprehensive properties treated by a solution treatment of 470 °C/1 h and then followed by an aging treatment of 120 °C/24 h + 170 °C/1 h + 120 °C/24 h. Under the aging state, the precipitated phases inside the grains are suitable in size, while on the grain boundary distribute discontinuously and the precipitate-free zone is obvious. Besides, the alloy still maintain high tensile properties. The yield strength, tensile strength and elongation are 650 MPa, 686 MPa,12.0%, respectively. The yield strength retention after heat exposure is 92%. The alloy has good corrosion resistance and the exfoliation corrosion degree. The average corrosion rate in the H_2S and CO_2 environment is 0.0024 mm/a, which is far less than the required 0.12 mm/a. It is insensitive to H_2S and CO_2 environments. 相似文献
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MATLAB环境下振动力学虚拟教学实验软件的开发 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以MATLAB作为工作语言和开发环境,开发了一个在MATLAB平台下的振动力学教学和实验软件,该课件包含了振动力学课程中的主要内容。本文介绍了软件开发的思路、方法及其特点。 相似文献
5.
以菲醌为原料合成了标题化合物,通过IR和1H NMR对其结构进行了表征.氢谱分析表明,亚甲基二氢核构成了AB二级谱自旋体系,这主要是由于孤立亚甲基的2个氢是化学不等价造成的.通过Chem3D程序模拟得到了标题化合物的能量最优化立体结构. 相似文献
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采用水热法合成了含混合配体的铜配合物[CuClPhen]+·[HL]-·2H2O(HL=5-硝基间苯二甲酸,Phen=1,10-菲咯啉),其结构由单晶X射线晶体学确定。标题化合物在三斜空间群P-1的晶体化合物。标题化合物的晶体数据:C32H24ClN5CuO8,Mr = 704.54,a = 10.4044(5),b = 12.3912(9),c = 12.4632(9)Å,α = 73.859(6),β = 85.036(5),γ = 78.202(5)°,V = 1510.09(17) Å3,Z = 2, T = 293(2) K,Dc = 1.549 g/cm3,μ(MoKα) = 0.874 mm-1,F(000) = 720.0,R = 0.0554,wR = 0.1434,GOF = 1.098。当用作超级电容器电极材料时,所制备的配合物具有高比电容、良好的循环稳定性和优良的倍率性能。在1mol/L KOH溶液中,最大比电容可达到69 F/g。在2 A/g电流密度下,10000次循环后比电容保持率为72%。标题化合物是一种潜在的红色光致发光材料。 相似文献
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N-亚水杨基甘氨酸Schiff碱与硫酸钕配合物的合成和表征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用硫酸钕与N亚水杨基甘氨酸Schif碱在水溶液中反应,合成了钕的Schif碱配合物Nd2(SalGly)2SO4·2H2O(Sal=亚水杨基,Gly=甘氨酸),并用元素分析、摩尔电导、红外光谱、电子光谱、荧光光谱和差热热重分析对其组成和性质进行了研究. 相似文献
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我国地方高校种类多,数量大,发展快,走特色化发展道路,是社会、经济发展对地方高校提出的客观要求,也是地方高校生存与发展的必由之路和高等教育办学多样化的必然结果。地方高校要获得长足发展,必须克服认识上的误区,进行科学定位;要树立科学的发展观、人才观和正确的质量观;要紧紧围绕服务区域经济和社会发展确立切合实际的人才培养目标,建设特色学科和专业,为当地经济和社会发展培养合格人才。 相似文献